The Swiss Golden visa
While some countries are ending their controversial golden visa programs, it still is, for others, a means to attract affluent foreign investors. The golden visa offers the opportunity to obtain residency through investment and grants entry and residence rights. However, unlike similar programs in other countries, the Swiss golden visa is an integral part of the nation's immigration policy. The government believes golden visas have many advantages, such as boosting economic growth, generating direct and indirect employment opportunities, and contributing to cultural diversity.
In practice, apart from granting the right to work and establish a business in Switzerland, the golden visa also provides access to the Schengen area, tax benefits in Switzerland, and permits family reunification. To be eligible for the program, you must be a non-European national aged between 18 and 55, in good health, and have no criminal record. Additionally, you need to own or rent a residence in Switzerland and demonstrate financial stability.
Two programs for obtaining a golden visa are Swiss residence by lump-sum taxation and the Swiss investor-entrepreneur program. Swiss residence by lump-sum tax requires an annual payment depending on the canton (ranging from around USD 203,000 up to approximately USD 600,000). However, this program does not allow you to work. On the other hand, the foreign investor program requires you to either establish a company that promotes job creation or invest in an existing Swiss company, with a minimum annual investment of about USD 1,100,000.
Useful link:
Switzerland: Federal Department of Foreign Affairs
The golden visa route to Indonesia
Indonesia's Immigration Agency recently announced the launch of its golden visa. Introduced in July, the Indonesian golden visa aims to stimulate the country's economy. To address concerns surrounding this type of visa, Silmy Karim, the head of the agency, assures that visas will be granted selectively.
Companies interested in applying for the golden visa require a substantial investment of at least USD 50,000,000 in Indonesia. Individuals seeking the visa must invest a minimum of USD 350,000 in government bonds. The golden visa, valid for 5 to 10 years, allows its holders to engage in "commercial and other activities" within Indonesian territory, making it an attractive option for tourism as well.
Sandiaga Uno, the Minister for Tourism and the Creative Economy believes that the golden visa has the potential to not only attract more foreign investors but also to significantly boost, transform, and stabilize Indonesia's economy. This move aims to position Indonesia as an appealing destination for foreign investment and further drive economic growth in the country.
United States: new visa requirements
Visa required for travel to Europe from 2024
The European Union (EU) is introducing a new program to enhance border security. Previously, nationals from over 60 countries, including the United States, were exempt from EU visa requirements. However, starting in 2024, these travelers will need to apply for an electronic travel authorization called the ETIAS (European Travel Information and Authorisation System) to enter the Schengen area.
The ETIAS application will cost around USD 8 (approximately EUR 7) and will be valid for three years or until the passport expires. Once the visa has been obtained, travelers can freely explore various European countries for short stays of up to 90 days within 180 days. It's important to note that the ETIAS will not override any other specific entry requirements set by individual European countries. Travelers must still comply with all the conditions required by the countries they intend to visit.
Failure to obtain an ETIAS authorization will result in a ban from entering the Schengen area. However, with this new system in place, American travelers can now explore Europe more conveniently and securely, making the most of their adventures across the continent.
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H-1B visa lottery: A second round expected
Prospective immigrants to the United States are eagerly awaiting confirmation of some positive news. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), responsible for immigration matters, will likely initiate a second round of the H-1B visa lottery for the 2024 fiscal year, which begins on October 1, 2023. The H-1B visa is a temporary work visa that enables US companies to hire skilled foreign workers. This visa, valid for three years and renewable once, is a popular option for foreign professionals due to its various benefits, including the opportunity to apply for a Green card and granting permanent resident status.
Each year, the USCIS can issue up to 85,000 H-1B visas. However, as of July 27, only about 70% of the quota had been filled. As the new tax year is approaching, this situation has prompted an urgent need for swift action. Immigration agencies anticipate that even without further lottery rounds, the USCIS will likely allocate 20,000 to 25,000 more H-1B visas to meet the demand. Many hopeful applicants are keeping a close eye on the USCIS's decisions, as the opportunity to secure an H-1B visa can significantly impact their aspirations to work and reside in the United States.
Changes to US citizenship tests
Opinions on the updated US citizenship tests are divided between those who view them as "strengthening" and others who see them as "limiting." Some individuals fear these changes will make it more challenging for immigrants with limited English proficiency to pass. The path to US citizenship involves seven tests, including the naturalization test at the end.
In 2020, the Trump administration introduced changes making the tests more difficult. However, the Biden administration reversed these changes, restoring the previous version from 2008. In December 2022, the Biden administration announced another update to be implemented in late 2023.
The new version will include oral tests to evaluate applicants' English language skills, where they may have to describe everyday scenes presented in photographs. While some believe this method is a better way to assess language proficiency compared to the current practice of asking personal questions already covered in the naturalization documents, applicants are concerned about the additional stress these new tests may add, as describing photos and explaining situations can be challenging. Some potential immigrants also worry about potential pronunciation difficulties that might affect their performance.
Another proposed change is to present civic questions (regarding the history of the United States and politics) as multiple-choice rather than short oral answers. Supporters of this change argue that it would certify immigrants' knowledge of American history, government, and English proficiency needed for integration. However, critics argue that this arbitrary increase in complexity could be problematic. They point out that many native-born US citizens are unaware of the answers to historical and governmental questions.
Overall, the new citizenship tests are generating mixed reactions, with proponents highlighting the importance of language and civic knowledge for integration, while skeptics question the potential challenges and complexities these changes may impose on applicants.
Revision of visas for seasonal workers
The United States is currently reforming the H-2A and H-2B visas, the primary seasonal work visas. The H-2A visa is designed for agricultural workers, while the H-2B visa caters to non-agricultural workers in hospitality, tourism, construction, ski resorts, and other industries. The White House Office of Management and Budget has plans to modernize both visa programs, focusing on strengthening worker protection and preventing the exploitation of foreign workers, particularly regarding recruitment methods and wages.
The Department of Labor has devised a comprehensive plan to improve protection and working conditions for temporary agricultural workers, including American workers and H-2A visa holders. This comes in response to a significant increase in H-2A visas, and the department is determined to safeguard the rights and well-being of agricultural workers, who are often vulnerable.
On the other hand, employers in various sectors rely heavily on these seasonal workers to fill labor shortages. Given the acute shortage of workers, many American companies have turned to H-2A and H-2B visas, resulting in a 24% increase in visas issued in 2022 compared to 2019. Employers acknowledge the challenging working conditions, the strenuous nature of the work, and the less appealing salaries, with a significant portion often sent back to support their families. California, Florida, and Texas are among the states that use H-2A and H-2B visas the most.
The ongoing reform seeks to strike a balance between meeting the labor demands of these industries while ensuring that the rights and well-being of foreign workers are protected and enhanced.
Drop in immigration to Turkey
According to the Turkish Statistical Institute (TÜİK), the number of immigrants to Turkey has seen a significant decline of 33.2% in 2022 compared to 2021, totaling 494,052 people. Among these, 94,409 were Turkish citizens returning to the country, while 399,643 were foreign nationals. On the other hand, the number of people leaving Turkey increased by 62.3% in 2022 compared to the previous year, reaching 466,914 individuals. This group includes Turkish citizens (139,531) and foreign nationals (327,383) departing the country.
Interestingly, there is a similarity in the age groups of people coming to or leaving Turkey. Most immigrants and emigrants are young, with the largest age group being 25 to 29. Regarding the second-largest age group, immigrants in their thirties (30-34) rank behind those aged 20-24, whereas emigrants in their thirties follow closely behind those aged 25-29.
Amidst an ongoing economic crisis and inflation, the Turkish government has chosen to implement tax increases, which were announced in early July. These increases apply to various areas, including VAT, visa fees, passport fees, notary fees, etc. However, some segments of the population have found small consolation in the government's decision to raise civil servants' salaries and retirement pensions.
Despite these changes, the departures from Turkey continue. In 2022, most people leaving were from Istanbul, accounting for 39.5% of the population, while new arrivals accounted for 35.4%. The situation reflects the complex economic conditions and challenges the country is currently facing.
Australia
New rules for Indian students
Starting from July 1, Indian nationals studying at Australian higher education institutions can now work in Australia without needing a visa sponsor. This new change allows them to work for up to 8 years without sponsorship. This new measure results from a bilateral agreement signed between India and Australia in June 2023. The agreement brought about the MATES (Mobility Arrangement for Talented Early-professionals Scheme), which allows Indian professionals to live and work in Australia for up to 2 years. The scheme will offer up to 3,000 places for eligible individuals working in specific fields, including information and communication technologies (ICT), engineering, renewable energies, artificial intelligence (AI), etc.
These measures are part of the Australian government's new strategy, proposed in April, to attract more foreign talent, facilitate their integration into the country, and streamline the process of obtaining permanent residency. These skilled individuals are expected to contribute to the country's workforce and foster technological advancements in key sectors.
New rules for expatriates on temporary visas
Foreign workers on Temporary Skill Shortage (TSS) visas in Australia, who have lost their jobs, will now have an extended timeframe to find new employment or visa options. Previously, these skilled foreign nationals had only 60 days to secure a new job, apply for a new visa, or leave the country. However, with the new measure, they will now have six months to find a new employer, offering them more time and flexibility in their job search.
The TSS visa is sponsored by the employing company, making it closely tied to the employer. This change is a relief for TSS visa holders, providing them a better opportunity to find alternative employment and avoid potential exploitation.
Andrew Giles, the Immigration Minister, advocates for this measure as a means to combat the exploitation of foreign workers. While he acknowledges that it may not be a complete solution, Giles believes that it will help address some of the challenges related to employer-related visa rules.
Additionally, the Australian government plans to allocate AUD 1,500,000 to a social enterprise to assist newcomers in finding employment opportunities there. Although the measure has been announced, a specific implementation date for the new visa rules has not been provided yet.
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New rules for backpackers
As of July 1, the working holiday visa in Australia costs an additional USD 130 for backpackers. The new price for the visa is USD 640, compared to the previous USD 510. With this increase, Australia now offers one of the most expensive working holiday visas among popular destinations for backpackers.
The Australian working holiday visa currently lasts for one year, with the possibility of renewal under certain conditions. However, the government is considering further restrictions to prevent the exploitation of temporary visa holders and foreign workers.
Fruit and vegetable growers argue that these backpackers are essential for their business, but harvesting jobs are becoming less attractive. With Australia's low unemployment rate of just 3.6%, these jobs are even less appealing to locals. Working holiday visa holders (just over 110,000) make up 80% of the workforce in the harvesting sector.
Opposition to the measure believes that restricting working holiday visas could have a negative impact on the economy. Working holiday visa holders in the private sector also contribute to the hotel and tourism industries. Critics argue that the government's intention may be to encourage the departure of backpackers to make room for foreign workers, especially amid a tight property market. The issue has sparked debates over the country's labor needs and the impact of visa changes on various industries that rely on working holiday visa holders.
United Arab Emirates
Obtaining Dubai nationality
Becoming a citizen of Dubai is possible through various property investment programs. However, it's important to note that these opportunities are limited to those who pay for the property in full, as buying with a mortgage does not qualify for Dubai citizenship. The investment must come from the individual's own capital.
One of the primary paths to citizenship is the golden visa program. To be eligible, one must purchase a property worth at least AED 2,000,000 (approximately USD 550,000). This "residential property investor" visa allows individuals to obtain citizenship by investing at least AED 750,000 (around USD 204,000) in a property registered in their name or AED 1,000,000 (around USD 272,000) if the property is registered in their spouse's name.
Another option is the retirement visa, which is specifically designed for individuals aged 55 and over. To qualify, one must buy a property worth at least AED 2,000,000, possess accumulated savings of at least AED 1,000,000, or receive a monthly income of at least AED 20,000.
These property investment programs offer individuals a pathway to citizenship in Dubai, making it an attractive option for those seeking to establish residency and potentially become citizens of the city.
Useful link:
United Arab Emirates: Emirati nationality
Golden visa for students
Indeed, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has announced the launch of a golden visa specifically tailored for students. This golden visa program is designed for the best students, providing them with unique opportunities. According to the United Arab Emirates news agency, WAM, secondary school students with a score of 95% or more will be eligible for the golden visa. Similarly, students from local and international universities will need to achieve an honors grade and maintain a grade point average (GPA) of at least 3.5 or 3.75 to qualify for the golden visa.
The golden visa will offer talented young individuals the chance to live, study, and work in the UAE, along with various benefits. Additionally, family members of these exceptional students will also be eligible to benefit from the golden visa.
This initiative aligns with the UAE's strategy of attracting the "leaders of tomorrow" - foreign talent with highly-developed skills in science, engineering, and other professions of the future. By offering a golden visa to exceptional students, the UAE aims to foster an environment that encourages and supports the growth of talented individuals in various fields, contributing to the country's development and progress.
Useful link:
Federal Authority for Identity, Nationality, Customs and Ports Security
South Africa announces startup and remote work visas
South Africa is shifting its focus towards startups and remote workers by introducing two new visas as part of its expanded e-visa program. The country is following in the footsteps of other nations, aiming to attract foreign talent and promote economic growth through these initiatives.
The startup visa and remote work visa are part of South Africa's efforts to create more opportunities for foreign entrepreneurs and remote professionals. However, specific details on the implementation of these visas have not been disclosed yet. The process has been ongoing since February 2022, when President Ramaphosa first announced the intention to launch these new visas. Despite the initial deadline set by the Minister of Home Affairs, Aaron Motsoaledi, for the end of June, the remote work visa wasn't official as of July.
While the timeline for implementation is still uncertain, these new visa measures demonstrate South Africa's commitment to encouraging innovation, supporting startups, and attracting skilled remote workers to contribute to the country's economic development.
United Kingdom
ETIAS extended to British travelers
The European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) is set to be operational in 2024 and will impact post-Brexit British travelers. While Americans won't be the only ones required to apply for electronic travel authorization, Britons won't need a Schengen short-stay visa to travel within the Schengen area. However, they will need to present their ETIAS at the EU's borders to avoid rejection.
The ETIAS is a system designed to determine if travelers require a Schengen short-stay visa. It costs around EUR 7, but it is free for those under 18 and over 70. With the ETIAS, British travelers can stay in Europe for up to 90 days within 180 days. The authorization is valid for 3 years, allowing travelers to move around Europe freely during that time.
The EU justifies the ETIAS to secure its borders amid international tensions and terrorism threats. Consequently, the authorization may be denied to individuals with a criminal record, those listed as terrorist suspects, or those posing a threat to public order. False information provided during the application can also lead to refusal. Additionally, the ETIAS may be declined if the journey originates from an area with an epidemic, pandemic, or danger to public health.
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Relaxed visa rules for foreign workers in the construction and fishing industries
In response to the labor shortage following Brexit, the UK government has expanded its "labor shortage list" to include jobs in the construction industry, such as roofers, bricklayers, plasterers, tilers, and carpenters. These trades are now eligible for the list, making it easier for foreign workers in these professions to come and work in the UK. Some fishing trades have also been added to the shortage list as part of broader reforms in the fishing industry.
Expatriates working in shortage occupations will be able to apply for a skilled worker visa with reduced fees. They will be eligible to receive 80% of the usual rate for their job. However, they will still need a job offer sponsored by an employer and meet the required level of English proficiency.
The British Home Office justifies these measures, stating that they are crucial to "stimulate growth" in the country. Government officials emphasize the need to use the opportunities presented by Brexit and be flexible in addressing the economic situation. However, opinions on these relaxations differ. Some, like Conservative MP Marco Longhi, would prefer more resources in training British people, particularly through apprenticeships, to reduce dependence on immigration. On the other hand, other politicians argue that not enough British citizens are pursuing careers in these trades, leading to the need for foreign workers to fill the gaps in the labor market.
Rishi Sunak announces a rise in visa fees
The UK government is taking a mixed approach to address the challenges faced by the struggling public health service. In an effort to support the National Health Service (NHS), Prime Minister Rishi Sunak has announced a "significant" rise in health fees and surcharges for visa applicants. The government justifies this move by stating that it is necessary to keep up with the rising wages in the sector, particularly after reaching an agreement with unions for a salary rise of 5% to 7% for NHS staff, police officers, and teachers.
To fund this measure, Sunak clarified that the government would not borrow or raise taxes, leading to the decision to increase fees for expatriate workers. Specifically, the "immigration health surcharge" foreigners pay to access the NHS will substantially increase. For adults, these fees could rise from £624 to £1035, while for students, dependants, and minors, it will increase from £470 to £776. These fee hikes will inevitably impact the overall cost of obtaining a visa, estimated to bring in "more than £1 billion", according to Sunak.
However, the measure has sparked controversy, with concerns about its impact on the country's competitiveness and the ability to attract foreign talent. Professionals in the research and development sector, in particular, criticize the measure as "unfair" and counterproductive at a time when the UK needs these foreign professionals to contribute to various sectors, including healthcare. The debate continues regarding the best approach to strike a balance between supporting the NHS and maintaining the country's attractiveness to skilled workers worldwide.
South Korea
More flexible visa conditions for skilled workers
South Korea is taking steps to address its labor shortage by responding to requests from industry and local government. To accommodate skilled workers in long-term jobs, the country is easing the requirements for the E-7-4 visa. Additionally, the visa quota, currently set at 5,000, will be increased to meet the growing demand.
The government aims to expedite visa issuance, ensuring the quota is met by the end of July, and plans to issue more visas between August and December. Over the years, the E-7-4 visa quota has steadily risen, starting at 1,000 in 2020, doubling in 2022, and reaching 5,000 this year. The Ministry of Justice announced this measure in June last year.
Until now, only foreigners legally working in South Korea for 5 years could apply for the E-7-4 visa. However, the government plans to reduce this period to 4 years to make the country more attractive to foreign talent.
Useful link:
Korea immigration service – skilled worker points system visa
International students allowed to work for longer periods
The South Korean Ministry of Justice has made a new announcement concerning international students. Changes have been made to their work opportunities and visa fees. Starting from July 3, undergraduate students can now work 25 hours per week, up from the previous limit of 20 hours. Additionally, students with a high level of Korean proficiency, as demonstrated by passing the TOPIK (Test of Proficiency in Korean), will have the option to work additional hours during the week.
The government has also decided to value visa fees in Korean currency (won) instead of US dollars to facilitate financial matters. This adjustment is due to the weaker exchange rate – it now takes 1,000 won to obtain 0.77 dollars.
Regarding student visas, there are different categories for studying in South Korea. Category D2 visas are intended for university studies and courses, such as the D-2-6 visa for university exchanges. Category D4 visas are reserved for professional or industrial training, not academic purposes, including the D-4-1 visa for learning Korean. The Ministry of Justice specifies that D2 visa applicants must demonstrate financial stability with at least 20 million won in their bank account (approximately $15,400). This amount is lower than previously required when fees were accounted for in dollars ($20,000). For D4 visas, a minimum of 10 million won is now required.
Changes for low-skilled workers
Foreign workers in South Korea could face challenges in changing jobs as the government takes action in response to reports of frequent and rapid job changes among E-9 visa holders. E-9 visas are held by low-skilled foreign workers, primarily engaged in sectors such as construction, agriculture, animal husbandry, and manufacturing. In 2022, 84,969 low-skilled workers arrived in South Korea, bringing the total to 264,000 by the end of the year, nearly reaching pre-pandemic levels.
The government plans to impose stricter rules on job transitions to address labor shortages while controlling job changes. Workers will only be allowed to change companies within the same sector and region. Additionally, the government aims to expedite the hiring process for Korean employers facing severe labor shortages, eliminating the previous two-week wait when hiring foreign workers through local Korean workers' centers.
To manage potential tensions between Korean employers and unskilled workers, the government intends to establish a new division to mediate and archive data related to foreign workers, including work history and place of employment changes.
On the other hand, the government is introducing new rules to attract skilled and experienced foreign workers. Those with at least two years of experience in the same workplace will no longer have to leave South Korea and re-enter the country to renew their visas, making it easier for them to stay and continue contributing to the local workforce.
Thailand: restrictions on jobs held by foreigners
This is a warning signal for potential expat workers and current expatriates in Thailand as the Ministry of Labour updated a list of 40 occupations prohibited to foreigners, categorized into three groups. Category 1 comprises 27 occupations that are strictly prohibited to foreigners, including hairdressing/beauty salon services, hand-woven cloth making, the manufacturing of traditional lacquerware or traditional Thai musical instruments, Thai massage, secretarial work, and legal services.
Category 2 includes occupations that are authorized for foreigners under agreements with other countries but must comply with Thai law. This category comprises only three professions: accountant, engineer, and architect. In contrast, category 3 encompasses skilled or semi-skilled work that foreign workers can engage in, subject to specific conditions, but they must be employed by a particular Thai company. Eight professions fall under this category, including farmer, bricklayer/carpenter, mattress manufacturer, knife manufacturer, and shoe manufacturer.
Qualified foreigners who have obtained a work permit from their employer fall under the 4th category, covered by an agreement (MoU) between Thailand and other countries. This category includes only two occupations: sculptor and retail salesman.
The Thai government has emphasized these measures in response to the increased number of foreign workers, mainly from neighboring countries such as Laos, Cambodia, and Myanmar. To address abuses observed among certain employers, the government has reiterated that employers hiring foreign workers illegally may face fines ranging from THB 10,000 to 150,000 for each case. Repeat offenders risk imprisonment for one year and/or a fine ranging from THB 50,000 to 200,000, along with a three-year ban on employing foreigners. Foreigners working without a work permit or in an unauthorized occupation risk deportation and may be required to pay a fine ranging from THB 5,000 to THB 50,000.
Germany: more English in government departments to facilitate immigration
The new German law on skilled immigration, passed by the Bundestag on July 7, aims to attract and retain foreign talent in Germany through significant changes in immigration rules. One of the fundamental changes is the introduction of a points-based system, which is intended to simplify and streamline the immigration process. This move comes as a response to concerns raised by 84% of companies about the complexity of German bureaucracy, which has been slowing down recruitment processes.
Economist Monika Schnitzer, a member of the German Council of Economic Experts, believes that the country could do even better by simplifying the rules for foreign talent. She highlights that not all professions require proficiency in the German language, and it would be more practical to focus on ensuring immigration officers possess strong English language skills to assist immigrants better. The goal is to attract around 1.5 million immigrants annually to support the German economy.
The law seeks to create a more welcoming environment for foreign professionals and make it easier for them to contribute their skills and expertise to the German workforce. By relaxing and simplifying immigration procedures, the government aims to foster an environment that attracts and retains talented individuals from around the world.
Taiwan to award 10,000 scholarships to international students
The Taiwanese government has taken a significant step to address the labor shortage and the declining population by announcing the award of 10,000 scholarships for four years of study to international students. President Tsai Ing-wen made the announcement on July 4, targeting international students who commit to staying and working in Taiwan after completing their studies. This initiative aims to attract more international talent to the country.
The scholarships, which should be available in early 2024, are intended to encourage international students to pursue higher education in Taiwan and contribute their skills to the local workforce. Education Minister Pan Wen-Chung is actively encouraging companies in Taiwan to consider recruiting these graduate students, as their participation in the workforce is seen as crucial to the success of the government's project.
By addressing the labor shortage and population decline through immigration and attracting foreign talent, Taiwan hopes to support and enhance its economic growth and demographics in the coming years. The initiative reflects the government's commitment to creating a more welcoming and inclusive environment for international students while leveraging their skills to benefit the country's development.
Useful link:
Taiwan: Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Top talent visas in Hong Kong: fewer restrictions for applicants
The Hong Kong government is considering changes to the Top Talent visa to allow more graduate students to apply. Initially, this visa was limited to graduates of the world's top 100 universities and allowed immigrants with professional experience to work in Hong Kong for two years without needing a job offer. Today, the government is open to considering other universities offering programs of equal or higher quality compared to top-ranked institutions. The possibility of including universities with specialized courses is also being explored.
However, there are suggestions that these changes are primarily aimed at attracting more Chinese students. Currently, the vast majority of validated applications for the visa come from China. Without these proposed changes, students who graduated from Chinese universities but not from the top 100 universities in the world would have been excluded from the visa opportunity.
One reason for the visa not attracting more students from other countries could be communication efforts. Chris Sun, Secretary for Employment, points out that the Hong Kong government has conducted a worldwide communication campaign. He also insists that Chinese applicants are more familiar with Hong Kong, especially those who have studied abroad and are considered excellent talents for the growth of the local economy.
Overall, the potential adjustments to the Top Talent visa aim to broaden its reach and attract talented graduates from various institutions while acknowledging that talent from China has significantly contributed to Hong Kong's workforce.
Canada
Ontario: compulsory permits for temporary employment agencies
In early July, the Ontario Labour Minister, Monte McNaughton, announced that the province would implement a new requirement for temporary employment agencies to obtain a license to operate. This decision comes in response to numerous violations of labor laws by such agencies. In the previous year, the government identified 2,300 temporary employment agencies and 114,000 workers in the province. During inspections conducted in 2020-2021, it was discovered that "multiple" agencies mistreated temporary workers by paying them below the minimum wage and violating their rights. These offending agencies owed more than US$4,000,000 in back wages to over 10,000 employees.
While recognizing the crucial role of these agencies, McNaughton referred to a "grey zone" that allowed some agencies to operate as exploitative labor networks. Requiring a license to operate will address these abuses effectively. The mandatory license will come into effect on January 1, 2024, as part of the 2021 Labour Act.
From 2024, temporary employment agencies will need to provide a letter of credit amounting to USD 25,000, which can be used to compensate temporary workers for owed wages. Repeat offenders risk penalties of up to USD 50,000. McNaughton emphasized the importance of this measure in "protecting the most vulnerable members" of Canadian society. To assist employers, the government will establish an online list of compliant agencies that can be consulted. This will enable employers to verify an agency's adherence to the new law before seeking their services.
However, some critics highlight the limitations of the reform. The responsibility of proving exploitation still falls on the workers themselves. Additionally, agencies that confiscate temporary workers' passports or demand excessive fees rarely issue receipts, making it challenging for workers to provide concrete evidence of mistreatment.
Talent Tech Strategy
Canada is taking significant steps in the tech sector with its Talent Tech strategy, introduced by Immigration Minister Sean Fraser at the Toronto Collision Technology Conference on June 27. The strategy is part of the Global Skills Plan, which facilitates the recruitment of international talent by Canadian companies. The Talent Tech Strategy comprises several key pillars, including the introduction of a work permit for US H-1B visa holders, extending the International Mobility Program, enhancing the Startup visa program, and promoting Canada as an attractive destination for digital nomads. The aim is to not only position Canada as a country with a constant demand for labor but also as an innovative nation that creates future job opportunities.
However, the Talent Tech strategy faces some challenges. In the competitive tech landscape, can Canada attract H-1B visa holders from the US? Will Canadian salaries be competitive enough compared to the US? Since July 16, H-1B visa holders and their families have been eligible to move to Canada, with the possibility of obtaining a visa for up to 3 years and dependents being eligible for temporary visas like study permits and temporary work permits.
One concern is the potential impact of these measures on the local economy. As Canada maintains its ambitious migration policy, aiming to welcome almost 500,000 new arrivals by 2024 and 2025, the Talent Tech strategy aims to complement this policy and create a positive cycle. The official launch of the strategy is scheduled for the end of 2023.
Attracting immigrants to smaller towns
To address overpopulation in major cities like Toronto and Vancouver, Canada has implemented several immigration programs to attract immigrants to smaller communities. These initiatives include the Atlantic Immigration Program (AIP) and the Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot Project (RNIP), both targeting specific regions to encourage foreign talent to settle in other provinces. The Agri-food Pilot is also part of these programs, focused on attracting workers to the agri-food sector in less populated areas.
While these programs were previously underutilized due to limited allocations, they have gained popularity as the Canadian government invests more resources in them. This increased popularity is evident in the growing number of new immigrants arriving through these programs. For instance, AIP allocations have risen from 6,250 new residents in 2022 to 8,500 this year, with further increases expected in the coming years. The RNIP and Agri-Food Pilot show similar trends.
These immigration programs have proven beneficial for the provinces involved, as new immigrants contribute to economic and social growth. Additionally, Canada is facing demographic challenges, especially in provinces located far from major financial centers. However, the arrival of immigrants has helped reverse the demographic decline in these regions. For example, New Brunswick's population has increased from 747,101 inhabitants in 2016 to 775,610 in 2021.
Some experts propose making these pilot programs operational without time limits to further sustain the positive impact of immigration in these regions. As of now, the Agri-food Pilot, which started in May 2020, is set to last until May 2025.
Invitations for French-speaking immigrants
In a press release on July 7, Canada announced its "first Express Entry invitations" for French-speaking immigrants. Express Entry is a system that simplifies the rules for entering the country. These invitations aim to promote French-speaking immigrants' entry and encourage and strengthen French-speaking economic immigration outside Quebec. The measure is part of Canada's immigration strategy to address the labor shortage.
In 2022, the Canadian government amended its immigration legislation, introducing "key attributes" based on the country's economic needs, which are used to select applicants. Fluency in French is one of these key attributes, and it prioritizes applications from French speakers. Through this measure, Canada is also aiming to reconnect with its history. Ginette Petitpas Taylor, the Minister for Official Languages, highlights that French "is an integral part" of Canada's history, cultural, and linguistic landscape.
France announces rise in aids for its citizens abroad
Amid ongoing inflation, France is increasing the social assistance ceilings for its nationals living abroad. It's worth noting that French citizens living abroad are still eligible for various forms of assistance, such as the disabled adult allowance (AAH), the disabled child allowance (AEH), and the solidarity allowance (AS). The Covid crisis has significantly impacted French nationals abroad, highlighting their unique situation and the benefits they are entitled to.
In response to the consequences of the health crisis, the maximum thresholds for these allowances have been raised regularly, a decision taken by the Standing Committee for the Social Protection of French Nationals Abroad, which convenes annually. In light of rising inflation worldwide, the Commission has extended aid to its citizens living in 18 countries, including Argentina, Burkina Faso, Canada, Chile, the United States, Haiti, Israel, Madagascar, Mali, Nigeria, the United Kingdom, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Zimbabwe. Consequently, the aid ceilings for these countries will be increased.
For example, a French resident of Bangkok who received EUR 350 per month in 2022 may now receive up to EUR 390 per month in 2023. Similarly, a resident of Chicago who could receive a maximum of EUR 707 per month in 2022 could now be eligible for up to EUR 757 per month in 2023. These adjustments aim to provide enhanced support to French citizens living in these countries during challenging economic times.
Finland
Immigration: A shift to the far-right
In mid-June, Riikka Purra, leader of the far-right Finnish Party, made significant announcements regarding immigration, describing it as a "paradigm shift." The proposed measures include a drastic reduction in the number of refugees accepted into the country, from 1,050 to 500. Additionally, international protection will be limited to the bare minimum, and residence permits granted under this scheme will be made temporary with the shortest duration allowed by the European Union. Purra also warned that these permits may be withdrawn if it turns out that an applicant is traveling to their country of origin while holding the permit.
Permanent residence permits are also targeted for stricter regulations, with higher language proficiency requirements, as well as for citizenship applications. The "paradigm shift" also involves implementing different social benefit systems for immigrants, a measure that experts fear could raise constitutional concerns.
Another contentious issue is the proposed legislation defining "street gang activity" as a distinct offense. The tension arises not only from the call for tougher penalties for street gangs but also from concerns about the government equating them with immigrants.
It's worth noting that as of 2021, approximately 8.5% of the Finnish population is of foreign origin, accounting for around 470,000 people. These proposed changes in immigration policies have sparked debate and scrutiny from various stakeholders in the country.
More international students, more workers
While Finland is significantly tightening its immigration policy, it is also aiming to attract 15,000 international students annually by 2030 and 30,000 new immigrant workers annually. The rationale behind this move is similar to that of other countries, driven by an aging population and labor shortage. The Finnish economy requires an influx of young people to support its growth.
Glenn Gassen, the Director of the Immigration Offices in Helsinki, has identified India and its youthful workforce as a potential target for this initiative. He hopes to build on the positive experiences with Indian students, researchers, and entrepreneurs to strengthen Finland's partnership with India. Given the shortages of workers in various sectors, including healthcare, elderly care, and industry, Finland is actively promoting its resources to attract foreign talent. This emphasis includes promoting opportunities in the tech sector, such as high-tech companies, cybersecurity, AI, biotechnology, and other innovative industries seeking foreign expertise.
India takes a step toward digital nomad visas
According to Rohan Khaunte, the Minister of Tourism in Goa, introducing the digital nomad visa will positively impact tourism and the local economy. He believes India should follow the lead of other countries that have embraced digital nomads once their borders reopened. Digital nomads are highly advantageous for governments, as they are mobile and can work from any location, contributing to the local economy through spending on accommodations, leisure activities, food, transportation, etc.
Working as a digital nomad on a regular tourist visa is illegal. Hence, the digital nomad visa has been specifically designed to cater to the needs of these new mobile workers. The digital nomad visa also allows individuals to stay in the country longer. Some countries even issue renewable visas for one, two, or more years. While the idea is still under consideration in India, Rohan Khaunte is confident that the Indian digital nomad visa will be a success. He envisions it benefiting not only Goa but also lesser-known regions of the country.
Sweden tightens conditions for family immigration
On Thursday, July 13, the Swedish government, along with the populist right-wing party Sweden Democrats, announced their plans to tighten the criteria for family immigration. The coalition formed by Sweden Democrats and the Swedish Right supports this project, which aims to reduce the number of asylum seekers.
The proposed bill includes raising the age limit for refusing residence permits for spouses and cohabitants from 18 to 21. Additionally, the bill intends to be less lenient towards children and certain adults who were previously granted residence permits based on "particularly distressing" circumstances. This provision will be replaced with "exceptional" reasons, making it more challenging for these individuals, including children, to obtain residence permits. In short, the new law will make it harder to grant residence permits on humanitarian grounds.
Similar to Finland, Sweden is also considering a "paradigm shift" in its approach to immigration. However, the proposed changes have faced strong criticism from the opposition, who are concerned about the growing influence of the far-right and see the tightening of immigration policies as problematic.
