Living in San Francisco: the ultimate expat guide

Technology, financial services, healthcare, and professional services are the main pillars of San Francisco’s economy, with technology playing a leading role. The city is home to major employers such as Salesforce, along with a wide range of startups and established firms across software, fintech, and digital services. Large healthcare providers, financial institutions, and transportation companies also employ substantial numbers of local workers, contributing to a diverse economic base.

Key employment sectors

Technology dominates San Francisco's economic landscape, encompassing software development, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and data science. Financial services also have a significant presence with both traditional banking and growing fintech operations. Healthcare is one of the city’s largest sources of employment, while biotechnology and life sciences play a supporting role, particularly in research and development. Professional services, including legal, consulting, and business services, also remain an important part of the local job market.

Work permits and procedures

Most international professionals need employer sponsorship to work legally in San Francisco. The H-1B visa is the most common option for skilled workers in specialty occupations. The L-1 visa allows intra-company transfers within multinational organizations, while the O-1 visa is available to individuals with extraordinary ability in their field. Processing times vary, and employers typically begin visa applications several months before a planned start date to allow sufficient time for approval.

Data correct as of December 2025.

Sources: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, SF.gov, Numbeo

San Francisco hosts several respected universities offering diverse programs for international students, from large public institutions to smaller private colleges with specialized programs.

Major universities

San Francisco State University (SFSU), part of the California State University system, serves a large student population with programs spanning undergraduate and graduate fields across arts, sciences, business, education, and health. The University of San Francisco (USF), a private Jesuit institution, offers well-regarded programs in business, nursing, and liberal arts, integrating social justice principles within its Jesuit tradition alongside respected offerings in data science, entrepreneurship, and nursing. The nearby University of California, Berkeley, just across the bay, ranks among the world's premier public research universities.

Admission requirements

International applicants must demonstrate English proficiency through tests such as TOEFL, IELTS, or the Duolingo English Test. Minimum score requirements vary by university, degree level, and program. Academic transcripts from non-U.S. institutions are required, with some universities conducting their own credential review and others requesting an official evaluation to determine U.S. equivalency. F-1 visa applicants must show proof of sufficient funds to cover tuition and living expenses, typically through a Certification of Finances. Application deadlines vary by institution, term, and program, with some offering rolling admissions and others setting fixed deadlines for fall entry.

Sources: SF State, USF

San Francisco offers a wide range of educational options for children, from public schools to well-established international and private institutions. The San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD) operates more than 100 public schools serving kindergarten through grade 12. Student placement is handled through a centralized application system that allows families to rank school choices, with assignments based on a combination of preferences, availability, and geographic factors rather than strict neighborhood zoning.

International and private schools

The International School of San Francisco offers bilingual French-English education from preschool through grade 12, with students able to pursue International Baccalaureate and French Baccalaureate pathways in high school. Lycée Français de San Francisco provides French immersion education with options leading to both the French Baccalaureate and a U.S. high school diploma. Both schools offer financial aid programs for qualifying families. Other options include the Chinese American International School, which provides Mandarin-English education through middle school.

Application process

International and private schools in San Francisco typically have competitive admissions and limited spaces. Application timelines and requirements vary by school and grade level but often include parent questionnaires, school records, teacher recommendations, and student assessments for older children. Waiting lists are common, particularly for popular entry years and mid-year enrollment, making early research and planning important.

Sources: International School SF, Lycée Français

San Francisco's housing market is one of America's most competitive. Each neighborhood has its own character, from the bustling downtown energy of SoMa (South of Market) to the quiet residential streets of the Sunset District.

Popular neighborhoods for expatriates

Marina District attracts young professionals with its proximity to waterfront parks, boutique shopping, and good dining options. Noe Valley appeals to families with its quieter residential streets, excellent schools, and village-like commercial corridor. Mission District is known for its diverse dining, street art, and easier BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) access. Pacific Heights and Presidio Heights feature upscale living with stunning views of the bay and Golden Gate Bridge. Outer Sunset and Outer Richmond near the ocean have more space and easier street parking, though fog tends to be heavier.

Rental procedures and rental costs

Landlords typically require the first month's rent and a security deposit equal to one or two months' rent upfront. Most conduct credit and background checks and may require proof of income demonstrating earnings at least three times the monthly rent. International newcomers without U.S. credit history may need to provide additional documentation, employment letters, or larger deposits. Rental agreements usually span one year, with rent control protections applying to buildings constructed before 1979.

Data correct as of December 2025.

Sources: RentCafe, Apartment List, Numbeo

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San Francisco's cultural landscape offers world-class museums, performing arts, outdoor recreation, and diverse dining. The city's compact size means many attractions sit within easy reach. Year-round mild weather encourages outdoor activities, though fog often blankets western neighborhoods in summer.

Museums and attractions

The California Academy of Sciences in Golden Gate Park combines an aquarium, planetarium, and natural history museum. Nearby, the de Young Museum showcases American art from the 17th-21st centuries. The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art (SFMOMA) holds one of the world's premier contemporary art collections. If you want to enjoy the great outdoor, Golden Gate Park spans over 1,000 acres with gardens, lakes, and trails, while the Presidio offers hiking trails with stunning Golden Gate Bridge views. Lands End features dramatic coastal trails. Residents can also cycle across the Golden Gate Bridge to Sausalito or hike in nearby Marin Headlands.

Dining and nightlife

San Francisco's dining scene encompasses everything from Michelin-starred restaurants to authentic taquerias and dim sum parlors. The Ferry Building Marketplace is a popular haunt that features dozens of artisan food vendors. Live music venues range from jazz clubs to larger halls like The Fillmore. Outside Lands music festival transforms Golden Gate Park into a major concert venue each August.

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The city’s Mediterranean climate means residents rarely face extreme temperatures, but microclimates can vary sharply from neighborhood to neighborhood. Western areas like the Sunset and Richmond often experience fog and cooler temperatures, while eastern and inland neighborhoods such as the Mission District are frequently sunnier and warmer. Most residents dress in layers to accommodate these daily and local variations in weather.

Transportation options

San Francisco's Muni system operates buses, light rail, historic cable cars, and streetcars throughout the city. The BART (Bay Area Rapid Transit) connects San Francisco to East Bay cities including Oakland and Berkeley, essential for many commuters. Many residents rely on bicycles for short trips, taking advantage of expanding bike lanes, though the city's steep hills pose challenges in some areas. Ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft operate extensively throughout the city. Car ownership comes with considerations including parking availability in many neighborhoods and the need to move vehicles for street cleaning schedules.

Shopping and lifestyle

Grocery shopping ranges from national chains like Safeway and Whole Foods to local options like Bi-Rite Market and Rainbow Grocery. Farmers' markets operate weekly in various neighborhoods, offering fresh California produce. The Ferry Building Marketplace downtown features artisan food vendors and specialty shops. Most neighborhoods have pharmacies, dry cleaners, and other essential services within walking distance.

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The cost of living in San Francisco consistently ranks among one of the highest in the United States. However, substantially higher salaries compared to most other cities help offset this, particularly for professionals in technology, finance, and other high-paying sectors.

Monthly expenses for a single person

Data correct as of December 2025.

Monthly expenses for a family of four

Data correct as of December 2025.

Sources: Numbeo, Apartment List, Move.org