Living in Berlin: the ultimate expat guide

Berlin's economy is diverse, with thriving tech, healthcare, creative, and manufacturing sectors. Expats can find opportunities in startups, multinational corporations, and public institutions. Work permits for non-EU citizens generally require a job offer and approval from the Federal Employment Agency.

Key industries

Berlin’s key industries include information technology and software development, media and creative sectors, biotechnology and healthcare, renewable energy, and advanced manufacturing. The city also has a growing startup scene and hosts numerous research and innovation-focused organizations.

Work permits and procedures

If you’re a non‑EU citizen wanting to work in Berlin, you generally need a concrete job offer and approval from the Federal Employment Agency (Bundesagentur für Arbeit) to get a residence permit with work authorization. For highly qualified professionals, the EU Blue Card is an option; under certain conditions, you might not need separate approval from the Employment Agency. Once employed for a few years, you can apply for a permanent settlement permit.

Data correct as of November 2025.

Sources: Statista, Numbeo

Berlin is a leading center for higher education and research in Europe. The city draws students with a mix of German- and English-taught programs and benefits from an international academic community.

Universities and programs

Berlin hosts over 40 higher education institutions, including Humboldt University of Berlin, Free University of Berlin, and the Technical University of Berlin. The city’s universities offer bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral degrees across disciplines from engineering and natural sciences to arts and humanities. Public universities do not charge tuition for most programs, but students pay a semester contribution of roughly €300–€350, which covers administrative fees, student services, and a public transport ticket.

Research and innovation

The city is home to major research organizations such as the Max Planck and Fraunhofer institutes, as well as the Charité medical campus, supporting global collaborations in science, technology, and creative fields.

Sources: Humboldt University of Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Technical University of Berlin

Berlin provides a wide range of schooling options for expat families, including public, private, and international schools. Compulsory education begins at age six. Public schools generally follow the German curriculum, though many international and bilingual schools offer different programs.

International schools

Notable international schools in Berlin include the Berlin International School, John F. Kennedy School, and Berlin British School. These schools follow American, British, or International Baccalaureate (IB) programs. Annual tuition for international schools generally starts around €12,000 and can reach €18,000–€19,500 per year for upper-grade students, depending on the school and program.

Enrollment process

To register a child in a Berlin school, parents typically submit proof of residence, the child’s birth certificate or passport, and a vaccination record. . Requirements can vary by school, so it’s best to check with the specific institution for any additional documentation.

Sources: Berlin International School, John F. Kennedy School, Berlin British School

The city’s residential landscape spans from desirable, historic Altbau apartments—known for their high ceilings, large windows, and ornate façades—to sleek, newly constructed contemporary flats with modern amenities. Districts across the city feature a mix of these pre-war buildings, renovated industrial lofts, and new-build complexes. Most residential areas successfully balance urban living with green spaces and tree-lined streets, enhancing the city's overall quality of life.

Where expats live

Popular areas for expats seeking accommodation in Berlin include Mitte, Prenzlauer Berg, Charlottenburg, and Kreuzberg. Mitte attracts professionals who want to be close to cultural landmarks and workplaces. Prenzlauer Berg is favored by families for its parks and schools, while Charlottenburg combines traditional architecture with shops and cafés. Kreuzberg is known for its arts scene and multicultural atmosphere.

Rental costs and rental procedures

When renting an apartment, tenants typically submit a lease agreement, proof of income, a SCHUFA credit report, and a passport or ID. To register their address in Berlin (Anmeldung), tenants need a landlord’s confirmation of residence (Wohnungsgeberbestätigung). Requirements may vary slightly depending on the landlord or property.

Data correct as of November 2025.

Source: Numbeo

There is plenty to see and do in Berlin, from historic landmarks and museums to parks and festivals that are held throughout the year.

Museums & cultural sites

Key attractions include Museum Island, the East Side Gallery, and the Brandenburg Gate. Berlin hosts internationally recognized events such as the Berlinale film festival and the Karneval der Kulturen, featuring performances, exhibitions, and vibrant street celebrations. The city also has a wealth of theaters, galleries, and concert halls, including the Berlin Philharmonic and the Deutsches Theater.

Sports & recreation

Residents enjoy a wide range of outdoor activities, from jogging and cycling in Tiergarten to walking along sections of the Spree River. Berlin has an active sports scene, including football, basketball, swimming, and tennis, supported by over 2,000 public facilities across the city. Parks, lakes, and green spaces provide plenty of room for both casual exercise and organized sports, though most lakes are concentrated in the wider Berlin-Brandenburg region rather than strictly within city limits.

Sources: Museum Island, East Side Gallery, Deutsches Theater

Compared to global metropolises like London, New York, or Paris, Berlin is often described as having a more relaxed, less frantic pace and a better work-life balance. While this applies to many sectors and reflects cultural norms such as shorter average working hours and respect for personal time, experiences can vary depending on the industry, role, and individual lifestyle.

Transport

Berlin’s transport network includes buses, trams, the U-Bahn (subway), and S-Bahn (urban rail). Cycling lanes connect major districts, and taxis and ride-hailing services are widely available. Regional and long-distance trains link the city with other parts of Germany and neighboring countries.

Lifestyle & culture

Berlin has a diverse dining scene, with restaurants, cafés, and markets offering both local and international cuisine. Parks, lakes, and recreational areas provide space for outdoor activities, sports, and community gatherings. Note that punctuality is highly valued in Berlin, and residents generally stick to schedules.

The cost of living in Berlin is generally moderate compared with other major European capitals. Shopping at discount supermarkets and using travelcards for unlimited public transit are practical ways to save money.

Monthly expenses for a single Person

Data correct as of November 2025.

Monthly expenses for a family of four

Data correct as of November 2025.

Sources: Numbeo, Investropa, Housing Anywhere