Living in the Tennessee: the ultimate expat guide

Tennessee's economy is diverse and robust, driven by major sectors including healthcare, automotive manufacturing, logistics, and technology. The state has maintained a 3.6% unemployment rate as of August 2025, significantly below the national average of 4.3%. Major employers include FedEx (headquartered in Memphis), HCA Healthcare (Nashville), Nissan North America (Franklin), and Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Key industries and opportunities

Healthcare dominates Tennessee's employment landscape, with Nashville recognized as the "Healthcare Capital of the U.S." and home to over 500 healthcare companies. The healthcare sector generated a $72 billion annual economic impact in the Nashville metropolitan area alone in 2025. The automotive industry thrives with major assembly plants from Nissan in Smyrna, Volkswagen in Chattanooga, and General Motors in Spring Hill, supported by nearly 900 parts suppliers employing over 100,000 workers. The logistics sector benefits from FedEx's global hub in Memphis, while tech companies increasingly choose Nashville and Chattanooga for their operations.

Employment data at a glance

The following table presents key employment indicators for Tennessee.

Sources: Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Tennessee hosts a strong network of higher education institutions, from prestigious private universities to large public research universities. More than 10,000 international students call Tennessee their academic home, drawn by quality programs, competitive tuition rates, and welcoming campus communities. The state offers everything from small liberal arts colleges to major research universities with extensive graduate programs.

Top universities for international students

Vanderbilt University in Nashville stands as Tennessee's premier private research institution, consistently ranked among the top 20 universities in the United States. With approximately 13,700 students and a 7:1 student-to-faculty ratio, Vanderbilt offers programs across 10 schools including medicine, law, business, and engineering. Undergraduate tuition for 2024-2025 is approximately $67,934 per year, though the university's Opportunity Vanderbilt program replaces loans with grants for qualifying students. More information is available at vanderbilt.edu.

The University of Tennessee, Knoxville serves as the state's flagship public university, enrolling over 27,000 students with access to 170+ majors. Out-of-state tuition runs approximately $33,256 per year (2024-2025), with total cost of attendance around $54,500 including room and board. The university excels in engineering, business, and agriculture programs. Visit utk.edu for details.

Admission requirements

International students typically need to submit TOEFL or IELTS scores demonstrating English proficiency, academic transcripts, letters of recommendation, and standardized test scores (SAT/ACT for undergraduates, GRE/GMAT for graduate programs). Application deadlines vary by institution, but early January is common for fall enrollment. Most universities offer conditional admission pathways for students needing additional English language preparation.

Tennessee ranks among the most tax-friendly states for retirees in the United States, combining financial advantages with quality healthcare and an appealing lifestyle. The state's diverse retirement communities, from vibrant Nashville neighborhoods to peaceful Smoky Mountain towns, offer options for every preference. Understanding the financial and lifestyle benefits helps retirees make informed decisions about relocating.

Tax advantages for retirees

Tennessee's lack of state income tax on wages and retirement income makes it exceptionally attractive for retirees. Social Security benefits, pension payments, 401(k) distributions, and IRA withdrawals face no state taxation. Property taxes remain low, with an effective rate of just 0.45%—among the lowest in the nation. The median annual property tax payment is approximately $1,488. However, retirees should note Tennessee's high sales tax (average 9.62% combined rate), which applies to most purchases including groceries at a reduced 4% rate.

Healthcare and senior services

Tennessee offers excellent healthcare access, particularly in urban areas. Nashville's concentration of healthcare companies ensures world-class medical facilities, including Vanderbilt University Medical Center and numerous HCA Healthcare facilities. The Tennessee Commission on Aging and Disability provides resources for seniors, including information on long-term care, elder abuse prevention, and caregiver support. Homeowners aged 65+ with household incomes below $37,530 may qualify for property tax relief through a $32,700 home value exemption.

Popular retirement destinations

Franklin offers historic charm with upscale amenities south of Nashville. Chattanooga provides outdoor recreation with lower costs than Nashville. Knoxville combines university-town culture with Smoky Mountains access. Smaller communities like Maryville and towns near the Smokies attract retirees seeking peaceful mountain living with proximity to healthcare and services.

Tennessee provides diverse educational options for families, from free public schools to private institutions offering international curricula. The state's public school system, managed by the Tennessee Department of Education, serves students from pre-kindergarten through grade 12. Understanding the options helps families find the right fit for their children's educational needs and future goals.

Public school system

Public schools in Tennessee are free to attend for all legal residents and follow the American curriculum, culminating in the High School Diploma. Schools are divided into elementary (grades K-5), middle school (grades 6-8), and high school (grades 9-12). Quality varies significantly by district, so researching specific school ratings before choosing a neighborhood is essential. Several charter schools, including Hillsboro Comprehensive and Hunters Lane High in Nashville, offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) programme, providing globally recognized credentials.

Private and international schools

Private schools in Tennessee average approximately $13,387 in annual tuition statewide, with Nashville schools averaging $18,409. Top private institutions include University School of Nashville (tuition around $22,795), Montgomery Bell Academy ($39,069), and Harpeth Hall School. While Tennessee lacks dedicated British or American international schools common in other destinations, several private schools offer rigorous college-preparatory programs recognized by universities worldwide. Nashville International Academy provides an alternative with tuition around $8,000 annually.

Sources: Private School Review, Tennessee Department of Education

Tennessee's housing market offers options ranging from downtown apartments in Nashville to suburban family homes in Knoxville and affordable properties in smaller cities. The state's median home price of approximately $383,000 sits below the national average of $428,000, though prices vary dramatically by location. Rental markets remain competitive in major cities but offer better value than comparable metropolitan areas elsewhere in the United States.

Rental market overview

Nashville leads the state in rental costs, with average one-bedroom apartments running $1,700-$1,830 per month and two-bedroom units averaging $2,000-$2,100. Memphis offers significantly more affordable options, with one-bedroom apartments averaging $1,068-$1,180 and two-bedroom units around $1,148-$1,308. Knoxville falls between these extremes, with one-bedroom rentals averaging $1,575. The state average for a two-bedroom apartment is approximately $1,109.

Expat-friendly neighborhoods

In Nashville, Green Hills and Brentwood attract families with excellent schools and upscale amenities. East Nashville appeals to younger professionals with its arts scene and walkability. Franklin (south of Nashville) offers historic charm with median home prices around $700,000. In Memphis, Germantown and Collierville provide suburban safety and strong school districts. Chattanooga's North Shore and Riverview neighborhoods offer outdoor access with urban convenience.

Sources: RentCafe, Apartments.com

Tennessee delivers an extraordinary array of cultural experiences, outdoor adventures, and entertainment options. From the birthplace of rock 'n' roll to America's most visited national park, the state offers something for every interest. Music lovers, outdoor enthusiasts, and history buffs all find abundant opportunities to explore and engage.

Music and entertainment

Nashville's "Music City" reputation is well-earned, with the Grand Ole Opry presenting country music legends since 1925, and the Ryman Auditorium ("Mother Church of Country Music") hosting world-class performances. The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum showcases American musical heritage, while honky-tonks along Broadway offer free live music nightly. Memphis contributes Beale Street, the birthplace of blues, and Graceland, Elvis Presley's legendary home (the second-most visited home in America). Sun Studio, where Elvis recorded his first song, remains a pilgrimage site for music fans worldwide.

Outdoor recreation

Great Smoky Mountains National Park, straddling the Tennessee-North Carolina border, attracts over 11 million visitors annually—more than any other U.S. national park. The park offers 850 miles of trails, including portions of the Appalachian Trail, alongside wildlife viewing, waterfalls, and historic mountain cabins. Dollywood in Pigeon Forge combines thrilling rides with Appalachian culture, while Lookout Mountain near Chattanooga provides stunning views across seven states. Tennessee's 56 state parks offer camping, fishing, hiking, and boating opportunities throughout the region.

Cultural attractions

Beyond music, Tennessee offers the National Museum of African American Music in Nashville, the National Civil Rights Museum at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis (site of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s assassination), and the unique Parthenon replica in Nashville's Centennial Park. The Tennessee Whiskey Trail connects 30+ distilleries across scenic landscapes, including the famous Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg.

Life in Tennessee blends Southern hospitality with modern convenience. The state experiences four distinct seasons: mild winters (average 40°F/4°C), warm springs with blooming dogwoods, hot summers (highs reaching 90°F/32°C), and colorful autumn foliage. Understanding daily practicalities helps newcomers settle smoothly into their new Tennessee routines.

Getting around

Tennessee is predominantly car-dependent, with most residents relying on personal vehicles for daily transportation. Public transit options remain limited compared to major coastal cities. In Nashville, WeGo Public Transit operates 27 local bus routes and 9 regional routes, with fares starting at $2 for a 2-hour pass and $65 for monthly passes. The WeGo Star commuter rail connects downtown Nashville to Lebanon with seven stations across 32 miles. Memphis operates the MATA bus system and a vintage trolley line. Gas prices in Tennessee typically run below national averages, around $2.75-$2.90 per gallon.

Lifestyle and culture

Tennessee residents enjoy a relaxed pace of life with strong community connections. The state's musical heritage permeates daily life, with live music venues, festivals, and performances throughout the year. Southern cuisine features prominently, from Nashville hot chicken to Memphis barbecue. Outdoor recreation remains popular, with 56 state parks and the Great Smoky Mountains offering hiking, fishing, and camping. Shopping centers, farmers' markets, and local boutiques provide diverse retail options. Healthcare access is excellent in urban areas, with facilities like Vanderbilt University Medical Center providing world-class care.

Tennessee's cost of living remains 10-15% below the national average, making it an attractive destination for those seeking affordability without sacrificing quality of life. The absence of state income tax on wages provides additional financial advantages, though sales taxes run higher than many states at an average 9.62% combined rate. Here's what to budget for living in Tennessee.

Monthly budget for a single person

The following estimates apply to a single professional living in Nashville, the state's most expensive city.

Monthly budget for a family of four

Sources: Numbeo, MIT Living Wage Calculator