Living in Varna: the ultimate expat guide

Varna's labor market is strongly influenced by its position as Bulgaria's third-largest economic center. The city offers diverse employment opportunities, particularly in tourism and hospitality, maritime industries, IT and technology, and trade. The job market features over 2,100 active vacancies, significantly more than other coastal cities like Burgas.

Key Industries and Employment Sectors

The tourism sector dominates seasonal employment, with hotels, restaurants, and entertainment venues actively recruiting from spring through autumn. The maritime industry, including shipbuilding and the freight port, provides year-round opportunities for skilled workers. Varna's growing IT sector attracts tech professionals with competitive salaries, often reaching 2,500-3,000 BGN monthly for developers. The University of Economics and Medical University also create demand for academic and research positions.

Work Permits and Visa Requirements

EU, EEA, and Swiss nationals can work freely in Bulgaria, requiring only registration with the local Employment Office for stays exceeding 90 days. Non-EU citizens need a work permit obtained through their Bulgarian employer, followed by a Type D long-stay visa. The EU Blue Card is available for highly qualified professionals with university degrees, requiring a minimum salary of approximately €1,875 in 2025. Processing typically takes 1.5 to 2 months.

The following table presents key employment indicators for Varna:

Sources: EURES European Employment Services, Bulgarian National Statistical Institute

Varna is one of Bulgaria's most important academic centers, hosting several prestigious universities that attract students from over 40 countries worldwide. The city's higher education institutions offer programs in English across medicine, business, maritime studies, and technology, making it an accessible destination for international students seeking EU-recognized degrees.

Medical University of Varna

The Medical University of Varna, founded in 1961, is one of Bulgaria's leading medical schools with over 5,000 students. The university offers English-taught programs in Medicine (6 years), Dental Medicine (6 years), and Pharmacy (5 years). Annual tuition fees for international students range from €8,000 to €10,000. Degrees are fully recognized across the EU, and the university is listed in the WHO World Directory of Medical Schools. The campus features modern simulation technology centers and is located just 10 minutes from the airport.

University of Economics – Varna

Bulgaria's first higher school of commerce, the University of Economics – Varna, celebrated over 100 years of academic excellence. With approximately 8,000 students including 1,200 international students, it offers 27 undergraduate programs across economics, management, business, and informatics. Three programs are taught entirely in English. Tuition fees for international students are approximately 10,120 BGN (~€5,175) annually for undergraduate programs. The university participates in Erasmus+ and maintains partnerships with institutions in Finland, Germany, and Russia.

Other notable institutions include the Naval Academy for maritime studies and Varna Free University, which offers diverse programs from pre-school to higher education.

Sources: Medical University of Varna, University of Economics – Varna

Varna has become an increasingly attractive retirement destination, combining affordability with quality healthcare, pleasant climate, and abundant cultural activities. The city's seaside setting, established expat community, and straightforward residency processes make it particularly appealing for international retirees seeking a comfortable European lifestyle.

Retirement Visa and Residency

Non-EU retirees can apply for a Bulgarian Pensioner D Visa if they receive a state pension equal to or greater than the minimum monthly salary in Bulgaria (933 BGN in 2024, approximately €477). Required documents include proof of pension income, health insurance with minimum €30,000 coverage, proof of accommodation, and a police clearance certificate. The D visa allows stays of up to 6 months and must be exchanged for a residence card, which can be renewed annually. After 30 months of legal residence within any 5-year period, non-EU pensioners may apply for permanent residency. Bulgaria became a full Schengen member on January 1, 2025, allowing residents to travel freely across member states.

Healthcare for Retirees

Varna offers comprehensive healthcare through a network of hospitals including University Hospital Varna, Varna Regional Clinical Hospital, and the Hematology Oncology Center. Many retirees opt for private healthcare, which offers shorter wait times and English-speaking doctors at a fraction of Western European costs. Private health insurance typically costs €50-100 monthly. The city's numerous pharmacies provide affordable medications. Bulgaria's flat 10% income tax is among Europe's lowest, and many pension incomes are not taxed in Bulgaria due to bilateral tax treaties with countries like the US, Canada, and EU states.

Sources: Immigration to Bulgaria, VisaGuide.World

Varna offers several educational options for expat families, from international curricula to bilingual programs. While the city has fewer international schools than Sofia, the available options provide quality education following American, British, and Cambridge international standards.

International and American Schools

The American School of Bulgaria (ASB) in Varna provides American-curriculum education from elementary through high school. The High School is located in the Greek Quarter while the Foundation School (grades 1-7) is in the Sea Garden area. Students can obtain a fully-qualified US diploma recognized by thousands of universities worldwide. Instruction is entirely in English with American instructors. The school prides itself on creating a multicultural environment combining diverse cultures with modern educational approaches.

Cambridge and Bilingual Options

The International School of Varna (ISV) follows the Cambridge International Curriculum, offering IGCSE and A-Level qualifications from preschool through grade 12. The school features a diverse international student body and modern facilities including science labs, art studios, and sports areas. The Zlatniyat Kluch School (Golden Key School) provides bilingual instruction in Bulgarian and English, following the Bulgarian national curriculum with enhanced English language focus. Meridian 22 and Private School Yoan Ekzarh also offer bilingual education combining Bulgarian and English instruction.

The First English Language School Varna is a prestigious institution with a strong tradition of quality English-language education, primarily serving Bulgarian students but welcoming international applicants for grades 5-12.

Sources: American School of Bulgaria, International School of Varna

Varna's real estate market has experienced significant growth, with property prices increasing by 8.7% in early 2025. Despite rising costs, the city remains considerably more affordable than Western European destinations. Expats can choose between modern apartments in the city center, seaside properties, or quieter suburban areas.

Popular Neighborhoods for Expats

The city center offers convenient access to shops, restaurants, and cultural attractions, with modern apartments typically well-equipped with contemporary amenities. The Greek Quarter features charming older architecture and is home to several international schools. Vinitsa, a modern village about 12km above Varna, is particularly popular with expats seeking a quieter environment while maintaining easy access to the city. Asparuhovo offers more affordable housing options with good transport links. Seaside neighborhoods provide stunning Black Sea views but command premium prices.

Rental Prices and Procedures

Rental costs vary significantly by location and property type. In central Varna, expect to pay approximately €330-350 monthly for a one-bedroom apartment, while the same property outside the center costs €150-200. Two-bedroom apartments in the center average €475, dropping to around €200-250 in suburban areas. Three-bedroom apartments range from €300 outside the center to €665 centrally. When renting, landlords typically require a deposit equivalent to one month's rent. Many expats initially rent before deciding whether to purchase. Average property purchase prices stand at approximately €1,552 per square meter, with city-center properties reaching €2,000+ per square meter.

Sources: Numbeo, Novinite Sofia News Agency

Varna rightfully holds the title of Bulgaria's cultural capital, hosting dozens of festivals, exhibitions, and performances throughout the year. The city's 6,000-year history provides a rich backdrop for exploration, while its coastal location offers endless opportunities for beach activities and water sports.

Museums and Historical Sites

The Archaeological Museum of Varna houses over 2,000 square meters of exhibits, including the famous "Gold of Varna" – a 6,000-year-old Thracian jewelry collection considered the world's oldest processed gold. The Varna Roman Baths, covering 7,000 square meters, represent the largest ancient building discovered in Bulgaria. The Ethnographic Museum showcases traditional Bulgarian life with displays of costumes, crafts, and artisan tools. The city's Dormition of the Theotokos Cathedral, built in 1880, is the third-largest church in Bulgaria, featuring stunning gilded domes and ornate frescoes.

Festivals and Entertainment

The Varna Summer International Music Festival (June-July) is Bulgaria's oldest music festival, running since 1926 and featuring classical and Bulgarian music performances. The International Folklore Festival in August celebrates traditional music and dance over five days. The European Night of Museums in May opens over 30 museums and galleries free of charge. The Varna Sea Garden, one of Bulgaria's largest and most beautiful parks, offers playgrounds, the Naval Museum, an aquarium, and the famous Dolphinarium – the only one in Bulgaria, opened in 1984. Nightlife thrives with numerous bars, clubs, and restaurants, particularly vibrant during the summer tourist season. Nearby resorts like Golden Sands and St. Constantine and Helena add additional entertainment options.

Sources: Varna Tourism Official Website

Daily life in Varna combines the relaxed atmosphere of a seaside city with the conveniences of Bulgaria's third-largest urban center. The city is known for its walkability, particularly in the center, while an extensive public transport network connects outlying areas. Expats appreciate the blend of traditional Bulgarian culture with modern amenities.

Public Transportation

Varna's public transport system, operated by Gradski Transport (City Transport), includes over 40 bus and trolleybus routes covering the city center, suburbs, and nearby villages. A single-trip ticket costs approximately 1.60 BGN (~€0.80), making it very budget-friendly. Monthly passes are available for around 86 BGN (~€44). Tickets can be purchased from machines at bus stops, onboard, or through the TicketVarna mobile app. Key tourist bus line №409 connects the airport with the city center, shopping centers, and resort areas including Golden Sands. Taxis offer affordable point-to-point transport at approximately 1.10 BGN per kilometer (~€0.55). Most expats find car ownership unnecessary in the city center.

Lifestyle and Cultural Customs

Bulgarians embrace coffee culture, with cafes serving as social hubs for conversation and relaxation. The traditional Martenitsa celebration on March 1st marks the coming of spring – everyone wears red and white ornaments, including on pets. Shopping is convenient with major supermarkets like Lidl and Kaufland offering excellent value, while local markets provide fresh produce. English is increasingly spoken, particularly among younger residents and in tourist areas, though learning basic Bulgarian phrases is appreciated. The city's seaside lifestyle encourages outdoor activities, with the Sea Garden serving as a favorite spot for jogging, cycling, and family outings.

Sources: Varna Tourism Official Website, Varna Municipality

Varna ranks among Europe's most affordable cities, with living costs approximately 40% lower than Western Europe and 74% lower than the United States for rent. The city offers excellent value while maintaining a comfortable quality of life. Bulgaria's upcoming Eurozone entry may gradually affect prices, but currently, expats find their money goes significantly further here.

Monthly Budget for a Single Person

The following table outlines typical monthly expenses for a single person living in Varna:

Monthly Budget for a Family of Four

The following table shows estimated monthly expenses for a family of four:

Sources: Numbeo Cost of Living Varna, Expatistan