Living in Kazakhstan: the ultimate expat guide

Kazakhstan dramatically simplified its immigration framework in 2025, launching multiple visa categories targeting international talent, investors, and remote workers. Over 80 countries now enjoy visa-free access, including EU member states, making initial exploration straightforward for most Western professionals. The country's clear intent is attracting global expertise to support its economic diversification beyond the energy sector.

The Golden Visa investment route

Launched in May 2025, the Golden Visa targets high-net-worth individuals seeking long-term residency with minimal tax obligations. The program requires a minimum investment of USD 300,000 directed into authorized capital of Kazakhstani companies or locally listed securities. In return, successful applicants receive a 10-year residence permit with attractive fiscal benefits: foreign-sourced income remains untaxed in Kazakhstan, and special economic zones offer reduced or zero corporate income tax rates. This makes Kazakhstan particularly appealing for international entrepreneurs and investors with diversified global income streams.

Remote work visas for the digital age

The Neo Nomad Visa (category B12-1), introduced in February 2025, specifically addresses remote professionals and digital entrepreneurs earning foreign income. This multiple-entry visa grants 12-month validity with a one-year renewal option, and family members can obtain matching visas. However, holders cannot engage in local employment or religious activities. The visa essentially allows you to live in Kazakhstan while maintaining your international client base or remote employment.

The Digital Nomad Visa (category B9-1) targets IT professionals planning permanent relocation. Available either as a single-entry e-visa (one year) or multiple-entry paper visa through the Ministry of Internal Affairs, this option requires sponsorship from Astana Hub or another authorized IT organization. It's designed for tech professionals ready to integrate into Kazakhstan's growing tech ecosystem rather than simply working remotely.

Permanent residence pathway

The Permanent Residence Visa (category B9), also launched in February 2025, focuses on professionals in high-demand fields including medicine, sciences, innovation, education, and creative industries. Offered as either a single-entry 90-day visa or multiple-entry visa (once annually), this pathway facilitates transition to permanent residency and full integration into the local labor market. It's ideal for specialists in sectors where Kazakhstan seeks to build long-term capacity.

Traditional visa categories

Conventional visa options remain available for those not fitting the new categories. The Business Visa (B2) permits stays up to 120 days annually without requiring a work permit. Beyond 120 days, you'll need a Work Visa (C3) accompanied by a work permit. The Family Visa (C2) covers spouses married for 3+ years, children, and dependent parents. Tourist and private visit visas round out the options for shorter stays.

Practical procedures

E-visas are available for eligible nationalities, streamlining the application process considerably. Processing times run 5-7 business days for visa invitation letters, followed by 5 business days for consular visa insertion. Upon arrival, registration is mandatory within the first few days and requires renewal every three months. You must carry your passport at all times, or alternatively a notarized copy along with a driver's license. For official information, consult the Kazakhstan Ministry of Foreign Affairs visa portal.

Kazakhstan's labor market demonstrates remarkable health in 2025, with unemployment sitting at just 4.6% according to ILO methodology. The workforce comprises 9.7 million people, of whom 9.3 million are actively employed—split between 7.1 million salaried employees and 2.1 million self-employed individuals. The employment rate reaches 64.4% of the population aged 15+, reflecting sustained economic momentum. Oil and gas, technology, and finance dominate employment opportunities, while emerging sectors in digitalization and e-commerce create new pathways for international talent.

Salary benchmarks and compensation

National average wages stood at KZT 448,620 monthly (approximately USD 870) in Q2 2025, showing steady progression throughout the year. The median salary sits at KZT 308,717 (around USD 600). The statutory minimum wage is fixed at KZT 85,000 (approximately USD 165) per month. All income faces a flat 10% tax rate, dramatically simplifying tax planning for expatriates compared to progressive systems common in Western countries.

Regional disparities are significant. Atyrau region, center of the oil industry, posts the highest average salaries at KZT 640,938 monthly (approximately USD 1,245), while Turkestan region in the south offers the lowest at KZT 304,325 (around USD 590). Major cities like Almaty and Astana naturally command above-average compensation reflecting higher living costs and greater opportunities.

Industry salary breakdown

Compensation varies dramatically across sectors in Kazakhstan. The following table presents average monthly salaries across key economic sectors, helping international professionals identify the most lucrative opportunities for their skill sets.

Sources: Trading Economics, Q2 2025 data

High-demand sectors for international professionals

The information technology sector is experiencing explosive growth with particularly strong demand for developers, software engineers, and cybersecurity experts. The government actively supports this sector through Astana Hub, offering tax incentives and streamlined procedures. The oil and gas industry remains the economic backbone, recruiting heavily for petroleum engineers, geologists, and renewable energy specialists, offering some of the country's highest compensation packages.

Financial services are expanding rapidly alongside banking and insurance sector growth, seeking financial analysts, risk managers, and compliance experts. Construction benefits from the real estate boom in Astana and Almaty, creating opportunities for architects, civil engineers, and project managers. Education also attracts international teachers, particularly in international schools and private universities where English proficiency commands premium compensation.

Entrepreneurship and business formation

Kazakhstan actively encourages entrepreneurship with nearly 1.7 million registered business entities as of 2025. The government launched several support programs, including Business Road Map 2025 offering comprehensive startup assistance. A unified register of state support measures for private entrepreneurship was established in July 2025 to centralize access to business incentives. The startup ecosystem is developing rapidly, particularly in tech, fintech, and agritech sectors, with growing backing from local and international investors. Foreign companies benefit from simplified registration procedures and can access special economic zones with attractive tax advantages.

Kazakhstan overhauled its tax system in 2025 with a new tax code signed by the president in July. The reform aims to simplify compliance obligations, attract foreign investment, and modernize tax administration. The country stands out for its 10% flat personal income tax rate—among the lowest regionally—making it particularly attractive for skilled professionals and entrepreneurs seeking tax efficiency.

Personal income taxation

Kazakhstan employs a straightforward 10% flat tax applied universally to all income types, whether from employment, self-employment, or investment returns. This flat rate dramatically simplifies tax filing and provides excellent budget predictability. Tax residents are taxed on worldwide income, while non-residents face taxation only on Kazakhstan-sourced income. Tax residency is established after 183 days of presence in the country within any consecutive 12-month period.

Golden Visa holders enjoy a significant fiscal advantage: foreign-sourced income remains untaxed in Kazakhstan, a provision specifically designed to attract wealthy investors. This makes Kazakhstan exceptionally tax-efficient for international entrepreneurs and investors with diversified global income streams.

Social security contributions

Mandatory social contributions represent a moderate burden compared to Western standards. Employers contribute 11% of gross salary for social contributions, while employees pay 10% for pension and social insurance funds. An additional 2% of salary goes toward the Mandatory Social Health Insurance system. Combined, total social charges run approximately 23% of gross salary—substantially lower than the 40-50% commonly observed in Western Europe.

Value added tax

The standard VAT rate remains at 12% in 2025, following abandonment of a proposed increase to 16%. This rate applies to most goods and services, with certain exemptions for essential goods, medical services, and education. Businesses whose annual turnover exceeds 30,000 times the monthly minimum wage (approximately KZT 2.55 million) must register for VAT. The VAT system was simplified in 2025 to facilitate declarations and refunds.

Corporate income tax

The standard corporate tax rate stands at 20% on company profits. However, numerous special economic zones and free trade areas offer reduced or zero rates to attract investment in priority sectors. Oil, gas, and natural resource companies face specific tax regimes with rates potentially reaching 30% given the wealth generated. Small businesses benefit from simplified regimes with advantageous flat rates.

International tax treaties

Kazakhstan maintains double taxation treaties with numerous countries including the US, UK, Canada, and Australia, preventing taxation of the same income in multiple jurisdictions. These treaties specify tax attribution rights between countries according to income types. For US citizens, note that the US taxes worldwide income regardless of residence, so FATCA compliance and US tax filing obligations continue even as a Kazakhstan resident. UK citizens should understand post-Brexit implications for their tax status. Consulting a specialized international tax advisor is essential for optimizing your tax position and understanding filing obligations in your home country.

Kazakhstan launched a universal health coverage system in 2020 based on mandatory health insurance called Mandatory Social Health Insurance (MSHI). This system guarantees healthcare access for all country residents, whether Kazakh citizens or foreign residents. In April 2025, the government extended coverage to over one million unemployed individuals, demonstrating commitment to healthcare universalization. However, public healthcare quality varies considerably, prompting most expatriates to secure supplementary private insurance.

Public health coverage (MSHI)

The Mandatory Social Health Insurance system is funded through a 2% salary contribution split between employer and employee. This system covers essential healthcare including general practice consultations, certain hospital treatments, and essential medications. Healthcare access occurs through a network of public clinics and hospitals distributed across the territory. The system also provides coverage for medical emergencies and necessary surgical interventions.

The public system has significant limitations, however. Wait times can be lengthy for specialist consultations and non-urgent procedures. Medical infrastructure quality varies dramatically between major cities like Almaty and Astana, where facilities are modern, and rural areas with more limited resources. Language barriers pose challenges for expatriates without Russian or Kazakh proficiency, as English-speaking medical staff are rare in public facilities.

Private health insurance for expats

Most expatriates opt for international private health insurance to guarantee rapid access to quality care and avoid public system constraints. These policies typically provide access to private international clinics in Almaty and Astana, equipped with modern facilities and English-speaking staff. Private insurance premiums vary based on coverage scope, insured age, and selected options, but generally remain below Western European costs.

Major international insurance companies operating in Kazakhstan offer expat-tailored packages typically including outpatient care, hospitalization, emergency medical evacuation, and medical repatriation. Multinational employers frequently include international health insurance in expatriate compensation packages. Comprehensive coverage including Kazakhstan care plus evacuation to neighboring countries for complex conditions requiring highly specialized treatment is strongly recommended.

Expected healthcare expenses

Despite MSHI coverage, out-of-pocket healthcare expenses remain a significant portion of medical costs, particularly for non-essential medications and specialist consultations. Private clinics charge market rates, generally payable in cash or by card. For expatriates with international insurance, private clinics often establish direct billing with insurers, avoiding upfront payment. Budget for healthcare expenses even with good insurance, particularly for dental and optical care which aren't always fully covered.

Kazakhstan offers multiple schooling options for expat children, with an established network of international schools in major cities. The local education system comprises three cycles: primary (Prathom), lower secondary, and upper secondary. While the public Kazakh system provides adequate quality education, the language barrier (instruction in Kazakh and Russian) pushes most expat families toward international establishments, particularly concentrated in Almaty and Astana.

International schools in Almaty

Almaty hosts the majority of Kazakhstan's international schools. Kazakhstan International School (KIS) provides curriculum from kindergarten through secondary, following an internationally recognized program. The institution welcomes a multicultural student body and employs qualified teachers from around the world. Annual tuition typically ranges from USD 15,000 to USD 25,000 depending on grade level.

QSI International School of Almaty, affiliated with Quality Schools International network, follows the American education system and prepares for internationally recognized diplomas. The school emphasizes individualized learning and offers varied extracurricular activities. Haileybury Almaty delivers British curriculum leading to IGCSE and A-Level examinations, particularly suited for families maintaining an Anglo-Saxon educational track.

Additional establishments including Miras International School and British International School Almaty complete the international education offering. These schools typically provide small class sizes, modern facilities with science laboratories, libraries, and sports installations. Instruction occurs primarily in English, with Russian and Kazakh courses often available to facilitate local integration.

International schools in Astana

The capital Astana is rapidly developing its international education offering to accommodate the influx of diplomats and expatriates. Kazakhstan International School Astana, sister establishment to KIS Almaty, offers similar programming with high academic standards. The school benefits from recent facilities in a modern campus. Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools, while primarily targeting high-achieving local students, accepts certain international students and offers trilingual curriculum of exceptional quality.

Several high-level Russian-Kazakh bilingual schools may also suit expat families whose children already have Russian proficiency or wish to acquire it. These establishments offer significantly lower tuition than purely international schools while maintaining solid academic standards.

Local education system

The public Kazakh school system is free and compulsory until age 16. Primary education runs 4 years, followed by 5 years of middle school and 2 years of high school. Core subjects include mathematics, sciences, Kazakh and Russian literature, history, and foreign languages. The system emphasizes academic knowledge and discipline. Public schools typically have high student-teacher ratios and teachers rarely speak English, which can complicate integration for non-Russian speaking children.

For families considering local schooling, prior learning of Russian or Kazakh is essential. This option can be culturally enriching and enables complete immersion while generating substantial savings compared to international schools. Some families opt for a hybrid model with local schooling supplemented by private tutoring or distance learning programs to maintain their native language proficiency.

Kazakhstan's real estate market offers diverse housing options from renovated Soviet-era apartments to ultra-modern residential complexes. Major cities like Almaty and Astana concentrate most expat-suitable housing, with entire neighborhoods catering to international residents. Renting remains the preferred choice for expatriates, as property purchase procedures are complex and typically reserved for long-term settlement. Rental rates run well below European equivalents, enabling access to spacious, well-equipped accommodations.

Available property types

Modern apartments in recent residential towers constitute the most popular option for expatriates. These complexes offer new or recent units with quality finishes, modern equipment, 24/7 security, underground parking, and sometimes pools or fitness centers. Located primarily in new Almaty and Astana districts, these apartments typically provide 2-4 bedrooms with generous floor space between 80-150 sqm. Monthly rents range from USD 800 to USD 2,000 depending on size, amenities, and location.

Renovated Soviet-era apartments represent a more economical alternative. Located in buildings dating from the Soviet period but fully renovated, these units offer good value for money. Floor space is adequate and equipment functional, though buildings may lack certain services like permanent security. Rents run USD 400-900 monthly depending on condition and location. This option suits expatriates on tighter budgets or short-term assignments.

Detached houses exist primarily on the outskirts of major cities or in Almaty's leafy residential neighborhoods. These properties offer gardens, terraces, and more space, ideal for larger families. Rents start around USD 1,500 monthly for average-sized houses, reaching USD 4,000 or more for high-end villas. Distance from city centers and winter heating costs merit consideration.

Recommended neighborhoods in Almaty

The Samal district is most popular with expatriates, featuring tree-lined avenues, trendy cafes, mountain access, and proximity to international schools. Apartments are modern with abundant services. Rents run higher than average, between USD 1,000-2,500 monthly for a 2-3 bedroom unit. Downtown offers dynamic urban living with restaurants, shops, and offices, though it can be noisy and polluted. Rents are equally elevated but enable car-free living.

The Bostandyk district, more residential and quiet, attracts families with its parks, quality schools, and peaceful atmosphere. Rents run slightly lower at USD 700-1,500 monthly. The Nauryzbay district, rapidly developing, offers numerous new residential complexes with modern amenities at competitive rates of USD 600-1,200.

Recommended neighborhoods in Astana

The Esil district on the left bank of the Ishim River concentrates government buildings, embassies, and international company headquarters. Ultra-modern with futuristic architecture, it offers new apartments in serviced towers ideal for expatriates. Rents vary from USD 800-2,000 monthly. The Nurly Jol district, central development axis, provides modern housing near shopping centers and transport infrastructure.

The historic center on the right bank offers a more affordable alternative with renovated apartments in older buildings, rents between USD 500-1,000, and easy access to essential services. Expatriates also appreciate the Saryarka district for its peaceful residential atmosphere and moderate pricing.

Rental procedures

Housing searches primarily occur through real estate agencies specializing in expat relocations, which typically speak English and understand international residents' needs. Online platforms like Krisha.kz also list numerous properties. Security deposits typically equal one or two months' rent, returned at lease end minus any damages. Leases are usually signed for 1 year with renewal options.

Utility charges (water, electricity, heating, common maintenance) are sometimes included in rent, sometimes paid separately. Winter heating represents a significant cost. Landlords generally require passport, visa, and sometimes proof of income or employer letter. Rent is payable monthly in advance, either cash or bank transfer. Having a proper lease agreement established, ideally bilingual, is recommended to avoid misunderstandings.

An international move to Kazakhstan demands meticulous preparation several months in advance. Between administrative formalities, shipping personal belongings, organizing your arrival, and completing multiple on-site procedures, early planning is essential. This checklist guides you through each stage to transform what could be an obstacle course into a smooth transition to your new life in Kazakhstan.

Pre-departure: 3-6 months ahead

1. Secure your visa: Initiate procedures for the appropriate visa type (Golden Visa, Neo Nomad, Digital Nomad, work visa) by gathering all required documents. Allow 2-4 weeks for complete processing.
2. Terminate existing contracts: Give notice on your current housing respecting required periods, cancel subscriptions (internet, utilities, insurance, phone), and transfer or close bank accounts according to your strategy.
3. Arrange children's schooling: Contact international schools in Almaty or Astana for enrollment, which may require several months' lead time. Obtain school records and transcripts, translated if necessary.
4. Obtain international health insurance: Compare offerings and select comprehensive coverage including repatriation and medical evacuation, essential in Kazakhstan.
5. Complete medical assessments: Visit your physician, dentist, and specialists to ensure good health. Stock up on regular medications, as certain products may be difficult to source locally.
6. Select your international mover: Request multiple quotes for sea or air freight of your belongings. Verify insurance coverage and transit times (4-8 weeks by sea, 1-2 weeks by air).

One month before departure

1. Finalize moving inventory: Establish a detailed list in English and Russian of all shipped goods, required for Kazakh customs. Photograph valuable items.
2. Handle banking matters: Inform your bank of your departure, temporarily increase withdrawal and payment limits, and verify card validity dates.
3. Prepare important documents: Gather passports, birth certificates, diplomas, driver's license, vaccination records, and obtain certified Russian or Kazakh translations if necessary.
4. Book temporary accommodation: If you haven't secured permanent housing, reserve a hotel or serviced apartment for initial weeks while viewing and signing a lease.
5. Organize pet transport: If traveling with pets, verify Kazakh health requirements (vaccinations, veterinary certificates) and arrange their transport.

Upon arrival: first weeks

1. Register with authorities: Within the first few days, complete address registration with the local migration office, mandatory for foreigners. Your employer or landlord can assist.
2. Open a local bank account: Bring your passport, visa, and proof of address to open an account at a Kazakh bank. Prioritize international banks like Citibank or major local banks.
3. Get a local SIM card: Purchase a Kazakh SIM (operators: Beeline, Kcell, Tele2) for easy communication. Plans are affordable and 4G networks cover major cities well.
4. Set up essential services: Activate internet and various subscriptions in your housing. Electricity, water, and heating are typically already installed.
5. Arrange driver's license: If planning to drive, research converting your license or obtaining an international driving permit.
6. Locate essential services: Find supermarkets, pharmacies, hospitals, schools, and your workplace. Download useful apps like 2GIS for navigation and Yandex Taxi for transport.
7. Join the expat community: Connect with Facebook or Telegram expat groups in Kazakhstan to exchange advice, recommendations, and build a social network. Organizations like InterNations regularly organize networking events.

Essential documents checklist

Ensure you bring multiple copies (originals plus certified copies): valid passports with visas, birth and marriage certificates, diplomas and professional certificates, medical records and vaccination cards, international driver's license, health insurance attestations, employment contract or invitation letter, financial documentation (bank statements), international format ID photos. Maintain secure digital versions in cloud storage accessible from Kazakhstan.

Kazakhstan pleasantly surprises newcomers with its wealth of cultural, sporting, and tourist activities. Between majestic mountains, endless steppes, futuristic architecture, and ancient nomadic traditions, the country offers unique terrain for adventure and discovery enthusiasts. Major cities like Almaty and Astana combine dynamic modern cultural scenes with quality leisure infrastructure, while the hinterland reveals spectacular landscapes and pristine nature.

Cultural attractions and heritage

Almaty houses several major cultural institutions including the Central State Museum of Kazakhstan, tracing the country's history from antiquity to present through fascinating archaeological and ethnographic collections. The Museum of Kazakh Musical Instruments showcases the richness of nomadic musical tradition including the dombra, the national instrument. The Abay State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre presents varied programming of classical and contemporary productions in a sumptuous edifice.

Astana impresses with bold architecture embodying Kazakhstan's modernist ambitions. The Baiterek Tower, city symbol, offers panoramic views from 97 meters height. The Palace of Peace and Reconciliation, a Norman Foster-designed pyramid, hosts international conferences and concerts. Khan Shatyr, a giant modern tent, houses a shopping center, restaurants, and even an artificial beach with tropical sand. Astana's National Museum presents multimedia exhibitions tracing Kazakh history in an impressive contemporary building.

Outdoor sports and activities

Mountains surrounding Almaty constitute a paradise for mountain sports enthusiasts. Shymbulak ski resort, located 25 km from city center, offers quality slopes from December to April with exceptional natural snow and modern facilities. In summer, these same mountains become hikers' playground with trails leading to alpine lakes like Big Almaty Lake, a turquoise jewel nestled at 2,500 meters altitude.

Medeu, the outdoor high-altitude ice rink renowned for speed skating world records, operates October to March, attracting residents and visitors for skating sessions in a spectacular mountain setting. Cycling and trail running enthusiasts appreciate numerous routes in mountain foothills. Golf courses are also developing around Almaty for affluent international clientele.

For adventurers, Kazakhstan offers infinite possibilities: trekking in Tian Shan mountains, exploring Charyn canyons with spectacular rock formations, horseback riding in steppes, wildlife observation in nature reserves. Local agencies offer organized tours to lesser-known destinations like Altyn-Emel desert with its singing dunes.

Dining and nightlife scene

Almaty and Astana offer diverse culinary scenes blending traditional Kazakh cuisine with international influences. Kazakh restaurants serve specialties like beshbarmak (horse or mutton with noodles), kazy (horse sausage), plov (pilaf rice), and samsa (meat pastries). International restaurants abound with quality Italian, Asian, and American offerings. Modern cafes serve excellent artisan coffee in trendy atmospheres.

Nightlife animates particularly on weekends with lounge bars, clubs, and pubs concentrated in central districts. Almaty features a more developed and cosmopolitan scene than the capital. Upscale establishments attract affluent locals and expatriates, regularly hosting international DJs. Alcohol is freely sold and consumed despite the country's Muslim majority, reflecting a secularized society.

Regional excursions and tourism

Kazakhstan lends itself admirably to road trips thanks to constantly improving roads and breathtaking landscapes. Kapshagay Lake, an artificial reservoir 70 km from Almaty, becomes a popular beach destination in summer with developed shores and water activities. The city of Turkistan in the south houses the Khoja Ahmed Yasawi Mausoleum, a UNESCO site and major pilgrimage destination for Central Asian Muslims.

Baikonur Cosmodrome, historic launch base of the Soviet space program still in use today, can be visited with prior authorization, offering a unique experience for space enthusiasts. The vast Kazakh steppes allow discovery of traditional nomadic lifestyle by staying in authentic yurts and participating in equestrian activities. These cultural immersion experiences are organized by specialized agencies and create unforgettable memories.

Kazakhstan offers an attractive cost of living compared to Western standards, enabling expatriates to enjoy comfortable purchasing power with salaries often indexed to international markets. Living costs run approximately 57.5% below Berlin according to September 2025 data, with particularly marked differences in housing, dining, and transportation. However, imported Western products carry high prices, encouraging gradual adoption of local consumption habits. Almaty and Astana remain more expensive than the rest of the country but stay affordable by international standards.

Single person monthly budget

Living alone in Kazakhstan requires a moderate monthly budget varying by comfort level and chosen neighborhood. The table below presents typical monthly expenses for a single expatriate living in a one-bedroom apartment in a central district of Almaty or Astana, according to Numbeo data from August 2025.

Source: Numbeo Kazakhstan, August 2025 data

Family of four monthly budget

An expat family with two school-age children must anticipate a more substantial budget, particularly due to international school tuition constituting the largest expense item. The following table details typical monthly costs for a four-person family living in a three-bedroom apartment in a desirable residential neighborhood.

Source: Numbeo Kazakhstan, August 2025 data

Typical retail prices

Food prices remain highly affordable in Kazakhstan, particularly at local markets (bazaars) where fresh produce sells at unbeatable rates. Bread costs approximately USD 0.50 per kilo, milk USD 0.80 per liter, eggs USD 1.80 per dozen. Seasonal fruits and vegetables are particularly inexpensive: tomatoes at USD 1.20 per kilo, potatoes USD 0.50, onions USD 0.40. Local meat (mutton, beef, horse) sells for USD 5-8 per kilo, chicken around USD 3.50.

Restaurants offer significantly lower bills than Western standards. A meal at an inexpensive restaurant costs USD 5-8, an international fast-food combo meal around USD 5, dinner for two at a mid-range restaurant USD 25-40 including drinks. Coffee at the counter runs USD 2, a cappuccino at a trendy cafe USD 2.50, local beer in a bar USD 2.

Transportation is equally economical. Bus or metro tickets cost USD 0.30, monthly public transport passes USD 15. A 5km taxi ride via Yandex or inDriver apps runs USD 2-3. Gasoline is inexpensive at approximately USD 0.55 per liter. Gym memberships range USD 30-60 monthly depending on facility quality. Cinema tickets cost USD 5-8 depending on showtime.

Almaty versus Astana comparison

Almaty generally posts slightly higher prices than Astana for housing and upscale dining, reflecting its position as economic capital with higher expat concentration. City center rents run approximately 10-15% higher than Astana. Conversely, Astana presents higher winter heating costs given more extreme temperatures. Both cities offer comparable living standards with modern infrastructure and similar access to products and services. Secondary cities like Shymkent or Aktobe offer costs 30-40% lower but with less diversified offerings for expatriates.