The Healthcare system in the Sultanate leaves a lot to be desired. They are far from efficient.
Whatever I am saying here is by and large the norm. Exceptions might exist. But they will only be few and far between.
Primarily there are two major divides - the government sector and the private sector.
The government clinics and hospitals are meant ONLY for the locals (Omanis). Until a few years back expatriates were also allowed entry. But no more. Expatriates still get treated though, but not unless they are referred by the private doctors and the request for referral gets approved by the Ministry of Health and Medical Services. These referrals can only be done when the case is considered to be serious enough and cannot be handled by the private hospitals and clinics.
However, expatriates are allowed to get their children (under 2-years of age) get their immunisation and inoculation shots and oral vaccinations administered at the government clinics, for absolutely free of cost. The private clinics also do this - but charge a very fat fee.
Most government hospitals are manned by expatriate doctors from India and Egypt (mostly), while the para medical staff come mostly from the Philippines and India. Out of sheer necessity all of them must be at least familiar with the basic and conversant Arabic. Else they will not be able to function.
His Majesty Sultan Qaboos bin Said has done ever so much to transform this country from a non-descript desert nation to one of the most developed modern nations in a mere matter of 45-years. And perhaps one of the most valuable things done by His Majesty is to ensure that his subjects enjoy good medical facilities - however interior they might be. In that sense, Oman has an excellent network of well-fitted and modern government hospitals and clinics across the length and breadth of the country. For want of well qualified and experienced personnel to manage these establishments, the overall quality of services rendered is by and large sub-standard.
Coming to the private sector, it is nothing but pure 'business' of medical services. Isn't is considered and supposed to be a 'noble profession' ?!? Certainly not here in Oman. Here it is nothing but yet another money-spinning racket.
As per the prescribed labour laws of the land, all expatriates are supposed to be provided with medical insurance by their employers. For this reason, no expatriate employee buys medical insurance themselves. The private clinics abuse this company provided benefit to the hilt and to their advantage. For simple illnesses, the doctors will not bat any eyelid before writing a mile-long list of tests, scans and x-ray's even though none would be really needed or required. This is a very common practice across all private hospitals and polyclinics here.
Also, since this is a business, the private healthcare service providers pay their employees a pittance and hire only the incompetent and useless. It's the classic case of 'you pay peanuts, and you will only get ...'. Unwanted tests and unnecessary medications are ever too common. It is also very normal for doctors to misdiagnose the illnesses, prescribe wrong medication, and screw up treatments big time - regularly. This is mostly because the doctors, hired by the private hospitals and clinics, are barely qualified, largely inept and mostly inexperienced.
Another important point to be mentioned is this. Just like it is with any 'sales' job, the doctors in the private sectors are assigned fixed 'targets' to be met every month - by hook or by crook. If a doctor does not meet his / her set billing target for a few months, his / her benefits are withdrawn, and other penalties levied, including termination. So to safeguard their personal interests, most doctors in the private sector indulge in shockingly unethical practices.
There is a very visible Public Authority for Consumer Protection (PACP) - but it is more for the help and benefit of the locals. For the common expatriate, it is rather difficult to seek their assistance.