You can leave to go on holidays - what a length that is, is open for debate.
I think anything over 3 months is considered been out the country, but check on it if you are going anywhere for more than a month.
They allow you to justify if you have good reason - sick relative etc
I went on a two week trip out of Brazil in my first two years here and the PF said it's no problem at all when I did my application.
A good rule of thumb is if you are genuinely living in Brazil for more than a year you will have no problem, but if you are trying to game the system applying while not living here they will shut you down.