Living in Burkina Faso: the ultimate expat guide

Visa procedures for Burkina Faso underwent major changes in 2025, with measures aimed at facilitating territorial access, particularly for African nationals. The system now offers several options depending on your nationality and length of stay. The consular situation has also evolved, with recent changes affecting certain embassies.

Visa exemptions

Nationals from 18 countries can enter Burkina Faso without a visa. Citizens of the 15 ECOWAS countries (Benin, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo) benefit from free movement within the community space. Three other countries also enjoy this exemption: the Central African Republic (stays up to 90 days), Singapore (30 days), and the United Arab Emirates. However, Burkina Faso, alongside Mali and Niger, announced its withdrawal from ECOWAS in January 2024, with a six-month grace period expiring on July 29, 2025. To date, free movement agreements remain applicable, but the situation may evolve.

Electronic visa (E-Visa)

Since August 17, 2023, Burkina Faso offers an electronic visa system allowing the entire application process to be completed online. This covers tourist and business visas for stays up to 3 months. Fees are XOF 94,000 (USD ~153) for single entry and XOF 122,000 (USD ~198) for multiple entries. This procedure significantly simplifies the process and avoids waiting times at consular services.

Recent measures for African nationals

The Burkinabè government announced two significant measures in 2025 concerning African citizens. On June 6, 2025, visa requirements were abolished for all nationals from the continent, replaced by a simplified online pre-registration system. On September 11, 2025, President Ibrahim Traoré announced the complete elimination of visa fees for all Africans, as part of a Pan-African vision aimed at promoting tourism and cultural exchanges. While this policy was officially announced, its effective implementation date had not yet been specified as of September 12, 2025.

Visa on arrival

The possibility of obtaining a visa directly upon arrival on Burkinabè territory is no longer mentioned in international rankings since February 2025. Certain nationalities may be refused entry without a pre-obtained visa. It's therefore strongly recommended to apply for your visa before departure, either via the electronic system or through a Burkinabè embassy or consulate.

Tourist visa requirements

To prepare a tourist visa application, you'll need a valid passport for at least 6 months with 2 blank pages, 2 completed and signed application forms, 2 recent passport photos (2x2 cm on white background), return tickets with confirmed itinerary, accommodation reservations for the duration of stay, and an international vaccination certificate.

Business visa documentation

The business visa requires the same basic documents (passport, forms, photos, tickets, and hotel reservations), plus an invitation letter from the Burkinabè company hosting you and a letter from your employer confirming coverage of mission expenses.

Note for US nationals

The US Embassy in Ouagadougou suspended all routine visa services on October 10, 2025 for security reasons. US citizens wishing to travel to Burkina Faso must now have their applications processed at the US Embassy in Lomé, Togo.

These regulatory changes reflect Burkina Faso's openness, particularly toward other African nations, while maintaining control over migration flows. It's advisable to regularly verify information with consular services before any travel.

The Burkinabè job market is characterized by agriculture's strong dominance and growing opportunities in the mining sector. With a relatively moderate unemployment rate of 5.17% in 2024, the country offers prospects for skilled expats, particularly in services, international development, and mining. Salary gaps remain significant between urban and rural areas and depend heavily on qualification levels.

Labor market overview

Burkina Faso's unemployment rate shows a slight decline, dropping from 5.35% in 2023 to 5.17% in 2024. Youth unemployment (ages 15-24) stands at 8.10%, reflecting the employment integration challenges for this demographic. The average salary is XOF 311,800 per month (approximately USD 507), while the median salary reaches XOF 289,091 (USD 470). The legal minimum wage, effective since July 1, 2023, is set at XOF 45,000 per month (approximately USD 73), an amount that doesn't reflect the actual cost of living in major cities.

Sectoral employment distribution

Agriculture employs 74% of the workforce, though it contributes only 18.5% to GDP. Cotton constitutes the country's primary agricultural export, alongside cereals like sorghum, millet, corn, and peanuts. The mining sector, focused on gold extraction, is experiencing remarkable expansion and has established itself as a major economic driver. Services, particularly in telecommunications, banking, and international development, offer significantly higher pay than the national average and attract a substantial portion of skilled expats.

Geographic salary disparities

Urban areas offer substantially higher salaries than rural zones. In Bobo-Dioulasso, the country's second-largest city, average salaries hover around XOF 350,000 per month (USD 569). Ouagadougou, the capital, concentrates the most attractive compensation packages, particularly in services and international organizations. In rural areas, income remains significantly lower and primarily derives from subsistence farming.

Salary scale by qualification

Low-skilled positions generate monthly incomes around XOF 176,324 (USD 287), while highly qualified positions can reach XOF 600,124 (USD 976) or more, particularly in technical sectors and international organizations. Education level therefore significantly influences salary prospects.

The following table compares average salaries across different sectors:

Sources: Remote People, The Global Economy

Starting a business

Detailed data on business registration procedures remains limited. However, the mining sector and business services represent promising areas for entrepreneurs. It's recommended to contact local chambers of commerce and consular services for precise information on procedures, timelines, and costs associated with company registration.

The Burkinabè job market therefore offers targeted opportunities for qualified profiles, primarily in urban areas and high-value sectors, while remaining marked by strong geographic and sectoral disparities.

Burkina Faso's tax system relies on several types of levies affecting income, corporate profits, and consumption. Tax residents are taxed on worldwide income, while non-residents are only taxed on Burkinabè-sourced income. The country has modernized its system with the introduction of VAT on digital services in 2025.

Personal income tax

Burkina Faso applies a progressive scale for personal income taxation. Income below XOF 30,000 per month (approximately USD 49) is exempt. The first bracket, from 30,001 to 50,000 XOF, is taxed at 12.5%. The second bracket, from 50,001 to 80,000 XOF, is taxed at 15.8%. The third bracket, from 80,001 to 120,000 XOF, carries a rate of 18.4%. The fourth bracket, from 120,001 to 170,000 XOF, is taxed at 21.7%. The fifth bracket, from 170,001 to 250,000 XOF, is taxed at 25%, and all income exceeding XOF 250,000 per month (approximately USD 407) is taxed at the maximum rate of 27.5%.

Corporate income tax

Companies established in Burkina Faso are subject to a standard rate of 27.5% on their profits. Companies may benefit from various preferential regimes depending on their sector of activity. Mining companies, for example, can negotiate specific tax conditions within establishment agreements.

Value-added tax (VAT)

The standard VAT rate stands at 18% and applies to most goods and services. A reduced rate of 6% applies to certain essential products. Since the 2025 Finance Act, effective March 1, 2025, VAT on digital services was introduced. This measure targets streaming platforms, download services, and other digital services provided by non-resident companies. Foreign suppliers whose annual turnover in Burkina Faso exceeds XOF 50 million (approximately USD 81,300) must register and collect VAT.

Social contributions

Employers and employees contribute to the Caisse Nationale de Sécurité Sociale (CNSS). Employer contributions represent approximately 16% of gross salary, distributed between old-age insurance, health insurance, and family benefits. Employee contributions amount to approximately 5.5% of gross salary, primarily for the pension scheme.

International tax treaties

Burkina Faso had signed tax treaties with several countries to avoid double taxation. However, specific details about active agreements should be verified with Burkinabè tax authorities. US citizens should note that FATCA (Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act) reporting obligations apply regardless of residence, and professional tax advice is recommended to ensure compliance with both US and Burkinabè requirements.

Tax residency

You're considered a tax resident in Burkina Faso if you stay there for more than 183 days per year, conduct your primary professional activity there, or have your center of economic interests in the country. Tax residents are taxed on worldwide income, while non-residents are only taxed on Burkinabè-sourced income.

The Burkinabè tax system, while relatively complex, remains comparable to other countries in the region. It's strongly advised to engage a local accountant to ensure compliance with your tax filings and optimize your tax burden within current legislation.

Burkina Faso's healthcare system faces major challenges, aggravated by the security crisis affecting a significant portion of medical infrastructure. Expats must obtain comprehensive international health insurance to guarantee access to quality care. The country nevertheless has decent private facilities in major cities and benefits from modernization initiatives, including the integration of artificial intelligence in certain centers.

Public health system status

Burkina Faso has a network of public health centers, but the system faces significant constraints. Approximately 31% of healthcare facilities are affected by the security crisis, particularly in the Sahel, Centre-Nord, and Nord regions. More than 6 million people require humanitarian assistance, with a significant portion concerning healthcare access. Despite these difficulties, the Burkinabè government and the World Bank launched a financing program in January 2025 aimed at strengthening healthcare system performance, equity, and resilience.

Medical infrastructure development

The country has undertaken ambitious projects to improve its healthcare offering. In February 2025, the government launched construction of 55 medical centers and 5 intensive care units distributed across the territory. Additionally, in October 2025, Burkina Faso concluded a pioneering partnership with a medical artificial intelligence platform to strengthen diagnostic capabilities and improve patient care.

Private facilities and clinics

The two main cities, Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, house private clinics and medical centers offering higher care standards. These facilities generally have modern equipment and qualified medical staff. Some clinics are accustomed to receiving international patients and offer services in French and sometimes English. Rates are significantly higher than public hospitals but remain affordable compared to Western standards.

International health insurance: absolutely essential

It's imperative for all expats to obtain comprehensive international health insurance before relocating. This coverage should ideally include hospital care, medical consultations, medical evacuation to a neighboring country or to your home country in case of serious emergency, and repatriation. Local insurance offers limited coverage and is generally not suitable for expat needs. Prioritize a contract allowing direct billing at private facilities in the capital.

Diseases and prevention

Malaria remains endemic in Burkina Faso. Preventive treatment (antimalarial prophylaxis) is strongly recommended, along with using treated mosquito nets and repellents. Vaccinations against yellow fever (mandatory), hepatitis A and B, typhoid, and meningitis are essential. An international yellow fever vaccination certificate is required for entry. It's advisable to consult an international vaccination center several weeks before departure to update your vaccines.

Pharmacies and medications

Pharmacies are present in major cities and offer a range of common medications. However, certain specific treatments may be difficult to find. It's wise to bring a supply of essential medications for several months, accompanied by corresponding prescriptions. Also ensure your insurance covers reimbursement for medications purchased locally.

In summary, while Burkina Faso's healthcare system is experiencing gradual improvements, obtaining international insurance and taking health precautions remain essential to guarantee your medical safety during your expatriation.

Burkina Faso's education system suffers from the security crisis, with thousands of schools closed in affected regions. Nevertheless, major cities offer schooling options for expat children, including international schools following recognized curricula. The government and international partners are investing in educational sector resilience to ensure pedagogical continuity.

Local education system

The Burkinabè public school system follows a Francophone model with instruction delivered in French. The system comprises six years of primary school, followed by four years of middle school and three years of high school. However, the security crisis has led to the closure of thousands of schools, depriving many children of educational access, particularly in the Nord, Sahel, and Centre-Nord regions. In unaffected areas, public schools serve predominantly Burkinabè students, and teaching quality can vary significantly between schools.

International schools in Ouagadougou

The capital hosts several quality international schools. The International School of Ouagadougou (ISO), accredited by the US State Department, offers an English-language curriculum from preschool through high school (ages 3 to 18) following the American program. The school has approximately 250 students from over 50 different nationalities. It features modern facilities including science labs, a library, sports fields, and computer equipment. ISO is recognized for its multicultural environment and high academic standards.

Other options include schools following different international curricula or offering bilingual programs. These schools primarily serve children of diplomats, aid workers, and international organization staff. Tuition fees vary by school and grade level but generally range between XOF 3,000,000 and 8,000,000 per year (approximately USD 4,880 to 13,010), excluding transport and extracurricular activities.

Bilingual and private schools

Several private schools in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso offer quality education in French with, in some cases, English reinforcement or other languages. These schools are often preferred by affluent Burkinabè families and can be an interesting alternative to international schools, with generally more accessible tuition fees.

Initiatives to strengthen educational resilience

In May 2025, the World Bank approved a project aimed at improving education system performance and strengthening its resilience to security and health challenges. This program aims to restore educational access in affected areas and improve teaching quality nationwide. International organizations like Education Cannot Wait also intervene to support schooling for displaced and vulnerable children.

Registration and procedures

Registration at international schools typically occurs several months in advance and may require previous report cards, recommendation letters, and interviews. It's recommended to contact schools directly once your expatriation plans are confirmed, as places may be limited, particularly at higher grade levels.

While the security context poses challenges for Burkina Faso's education sector, major cities offer suitable schooling options for expat children, enabling quality education in an international environment.

Burkina Faso's real estate market offers various accommodation options, from spacious villas to modern apartments in residential neighborhoods. Rents vary considerably based on location and property standard. Expats generally favor secure areas with easy access to shops and services. It's important to carefully assess your needs and budget before committing to a rental.

Available housing types

In Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso, you'll primarily find villas with multiple bedrooms, often featuring a garden and security guard, as well as apartments in residential buildings. Villas are particularly popular with expat families for their space and privacy. Apartments better suit singles or couples without children. Most expat-oriented housing features air conditioning, generators for power outages, and security systems (fences, gates, guards).

Monthly rent ranges

Rents heavily depend on neighborhood and property type. In Ouagadougou, a 3-bedroom villa in a secure residential area costs between XOF 400,000 and 800,000 per month (approximately USD 651 to 1,301). A 2-bedroom apartment in a modern building rents for XOF 250,000 to 500,000 (USD 407 to 813). Housing in central or highly sought-after neighborhoods may exceed these amounts. In Bobo-Dioulasso, prices are generally 20 to 30% lower than in the capital.

Popular neighborhoods in Ouagadougou

Expats predominantly settle in residential neighborhoods offering security and amenities. The Ouaga 2000 district is particularly sought-after for its calm, modern infrastructure, and proximity to international institutions. Zone du Bois and Koulouba are also appreciated for their tranquility and quick access to downtown. These areas concentrate shops, restaurants, and services suited to expat needs.

Areas in Bobo-Dioulasso

In Bobo-Dioulasso, residential areas are mainly situated around downtown and near the hotel zone. Expats favor quiet sectors with easy access to essential services and main roads.

Rental procedures

Renting accommodation generally requires a security deposit equivalent to 1 or 2 months' rent, plus advance payment of the first month. A written lease must be signed, specifying rental conditions, duration (often 1 year renewable), and respective responsibilities of owner and tenant. It's strongly advised to engage a local real estate agent or legal advisor to verify contract clauses and avoid disputes. Ensure the property meets security standards and that utilities (water, electricity, air conditioning) function properly before signing.

Services and charges

Rental charges often include security services, common area maintenance in buildings, and sometimes water. Electricity is generally the tenant's responsibility and billed separately. Given frequent power cuts, many properties are equipped with generators or solar systems. Internet connection must be arranged individually with local providers, with offers varying by speed and reliability.

Property purchase

Foreigners can acquire real estate in Burkina Faso, subject to compliance with local administrative procedures. Purchase requires a Burkinabè notary's involvement and thorough verification of the land or building's legal status. Purchase prices vary widely based on location and construction quality but generally remain affordable compared to Western standards.

The Burkinabè real estate market therefore offers a varied range of options for expats, with a predominance of spacious villas and modern apartments in residential neighborhoods. A preliminary visit and professional guidance are strongly recommended to secure your housing choice.

Relocating to Burkina Faso requires rigorous and advance organization, given the country's logistical and administrative specifics. Here's a detailed checklist to guide you through each stage of this transition and avoid surprises.

1. Secure your visa and necessary authorizations: Begin visa procedures at least 2 months before departure, whether through the electronic system or at an embassy. Prepare all required documents (passport, photos, reservations, invitation letters).
2. Obtain comprehensive international health insurance: This step is absolutely critical. Compare multiple offers and choose a policy covering hospital care, consultations, medical evacuation, and repatriation. Verify coverage is effective upon arrival.
3. Arrange children's schooling: Contact international schools several months ahead to reserve places. Gather report cards, recommendation letters, and prepare for potential admission interviews.
4. Complete mandatory vaccinations: Book an appointment at an international vaccination center at least 6 weeks before departure. Yellow fever vaccination is mandatory and must appear on your international vaccination card. Also complete hepatitis, typhoid, and meningitis vaccines.
5. Select and secure accommodation: If possible, conduct a preliminary visit or mandate a trusted local contact. Ensure the property has air conditioning, a generator, and adequate security systems. Sign the lease and pay the security deposit.
6. Choose transport method for belongings: Depending on volume, opt for sea freight (more economical for large volumes) or air freight (faster but expensive). Allow several weeks for sea transport.
7. Prepare administrative documents: Gather multiple copies of passports, birth certificates, diplomas, bank statements, employment contracts, and any potentially useful documents. Have non-English/French documents translated and certified if necessary.
8. Open a local or international bank account: Research local banks in Burkina Faso or maintain an account with an international bank with representation in the country. Plan diverse payment methods (international bank card, cash in USD/EUR and CFA francs).
9. Assemble a complete medical kit: Bring a supply of common medications (painkillers, antihistamines, antimalarials, anti-diarrheals), bandages, a thermometer, and chronic treatments for at least 3 months, with prescriptions.
10. Pack climate-appropriate clothing: Burkina Faso has a hot climate with dry and rainy seasons. Prioritize light cotton clothing, a hat, sunglasses, and sunscreen. Also bring covering clothes for mosquito protection in the evening.
11. Review security conditions: Consult your embassy's travel advisories regarding areas to avoid and precautions to take. Register with your embassy upon arrival to receive security alerts.
12. Arrange arrival logistics: Plan temporary accommodation for initial days (hotel or short-term rental) if your permanent housing isn't immediately available. Arrange airport pickup by a local contact or reliable transfer service.
13. Budget for setup costs: Initial months involve significant expenses (housing deposit, equipment, school fees, vehicle). Plan sufficient financial reserves to cover these initial costs plus living expenses for at least 2 months.

This methodical organization will help you approach your expatriation with confidence and focus on integration once you arrive.

Burkina Faso offers rich and diverse cultural life, driven by strong artistic and musical traditions. The two major cities provide varied activities, leisure spaces, and cultural events throughout the year. Despite security constraints in certain regions, urban areas offer numerous leisure possibilities for residents and expats.

Festivals and cultural events

The FESPACO (Pan-African Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou) constitutes the country's major cultural event and one of the most important African film festivals worldwide. Held biennially, it attracts filmmakers, actors, and cinema enthusiasts from across the continent. The SIAO (International Craft Fair of Ouagadougou), also biennial, showcases African craftsmanship with exhibitions, demonstrations, and art object sales. These events offer unique immersion in Burkinabè creativity and culture.

Music and performances

The Burkinabè music scene is dynamic, with regular concerts in major cities. The country has produced internationally recognized artists in reggae, hip-hop, and traditional music. Performance venues and music bars in Ouagadougou and Bobo-Dioulasso offer live evenings mixing modern music and traditional rhythms. Cultural centers, including the Centre Culturel Français Georges Méliès, organize film screenings, exhibitions, and conferences.

Tourist and natural sites

The Ruins of Loropéni, UNESCO World Heritage listed, constitute a fascinating archaeological site testifying to the region's pre-colonial history. Pendjari National Park, located on the border with Benin, allows observation of African wildlife in its natural habitat, though access may be restricted depending on security conditions. The Ranch de Nazinga, a hunting reserve in the country's south, offers safaris and opportunities to observe elephants, buffalo, and various antelope species. The Mare aux Hippopotames, about a hundred kilometers from Bobo-Dioulasso, is a nature reserve where you can observe these impressive aquatic mammals.

Exploring Bobo-Dioulasso

The country's second city merits a visit for its relaxed atmosphere and architectural heritage. The Grande Mosquée de Bobo-Dioulasso, built in banco following Sudano-Sahelian architecture, is an iconic monument. The Kibidwe quarter, the city's oldest, allows immersion in local history and discovery of traditional crafts. The Karfiguéla Waterfalls, nearby, offer refreshing natural surroundings, particularly appreciated during hot season.

Restaurants and nightlife

Major cities offer variety in restaurants serving Burkinabè specialties like riz gras, tô (millet or corn paste with sauces), and grilled meat skewers. You'll also find Lebanese, Chinese, and Italian restaurants. A simple meal costs approximately XOF 3,000 (USD 4.90), while dinner at a mid-range restaurant runs XOF 10,000 to 20,000 (USD 16 to 33). Nightlife, though moderate, includes several bars and nightclubs frequented on weekends by local and expat clientele.

Sports and outdoor activities

Expats play football, extremely popular in Burkina Faso, in local clubs or amateur teams. Tennis and basketball are also practiced in major city clubs. Some hotels and sports centers offer swimming pools, fitness rooms, and tennis courts accessible to non-residents. Cycling and motorcycles are widespread and allow easy movement in urban centers.

Markets and crafts

Local markets, the true beating hearts of cities, offer colorful and authentic experiences. The Grand Marché de Ouagadougou is essential for discovering local products, textiles, jewelry, and Burkinabè crafts. Bronze objects, carved masks, cotton fabrics, and woven baskets make typical souvenirs and appreciated gifts.

Despite security challenges in certain regions, Burkina Faso offers residents and expats varied opportunities to discover vibrant culture, participate in internationally significant events, and enjoy preserved natural landscapes, primarily in and around major cities.

Burkina Faso's cost of living falls below Western standards, though major cities experience higher prices, particularly for expat-oriented housing and imported products. The CFA franc, pegged to the euro, facilitates budget calculations. Here's a detailed estimate of monthly expenses for different profiles.

The table below presents average monthly expenses for a single person living in Ouagadougou, covering main expense categories:

Source: Estimates based on Numbeo (January 2025) and field data

For a family of four (two adults and two children), expenses increase significantly, particularly due to larger housing and international school fees. Here's a detailed estimate:

Source: Estimates based on Numbeo (January 2025) and international school rates

Common price examples

A meal at an inexpensive restaurant costs approximately XOF 3,000 (USD 4.90), while dinner for two at a mid-range restaurant runs XOF 25,000 (USD 41). A local beer in a bar costs around XOF 1,000 (USD 1.60), and a 1.5-liter bottle of water sells for about XOF 500 (USD 0.80). Fruits and vegetables at local markets are affordable, with 1 kg of tomatoes at XOF 600 (USD 0.98) and 1 kg of bananas at XOF 700 (USD 1.14). A liter of gasoline costs approximately XOF 650 (USD 1.06).

Imported products and Western lifestyle

Imported products (cheeses, wines, Western cosmetics) are available in major city supermarkets but at significantly higher prices than local goods. If you wish to maintain a Western lifestyle with imported products, budget an additional XOF 100,000 to 150,000 per month (USD 163 to 244).

In summary, a single person can live comfortably on a budget of XOF 650,000 to 800,000 per month (USD 1,058 to 1,301), while a family should plan for XOF 2,400,000 to 3,000,000 (USD 3,903 to 4,879) depending on desired comfort level and schooling choices.