Legal aspects
Are you allowed to work while studying?
Many countries allow students to take on part-time jobs during the time of their studies — but there are some exceptions. For instance, international students in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the UAE, Qatar, Oman and a few other countries are not allowed to seek employment on a student visa.
Do you need a work permit?
If the country where you are studying does allow students to work on a student visa, you will need to find out whether a work permit or other additional documentation is needed.
Most countries in Europe do allow students to work a limited number of hours without a separate work permit for a limited number of hours (this includes France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, etc.). However, some countries, like Romania, do allow students to work more hours if they apply for a work permit.
On the other hand, in some places, you will need a separate work permit to seek employment while studying. For instance, in Japan, international students typically need a work permit, known as a "Permission to Engage in Activity Other than That Permitted by the Status of Residence Previously Granted," to work part-time. And in Singapore, you would need to apply for a work permit, known as a "Letter of Consent," to work part-time.
What kind of work can you do?
Next up, you need to find out what kind of jobs you can and can not do as an international student. For instance, the US student visa makes a distinction between on-campus and off-campus work. International students on F-1 and M-1 visas are only allowed to work on-campus and in specified training programs during their first academic year — but can start seeking off-campus employment after their first year of studies.
How many hours can you work?
Finally, most countries impose restrictions on how many hours students are allowed to work. This is generally done to make sure that students spend enough time on their studies. A lot of countries draw the line at around 20 hours per week when it comes to part-time work for international students. For instance, this is the case in Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand— and a number of others.
Tax considerations
The first thing you need to do is figure out if you're considered a tax resident in the country where you study and work. Each country has its own rules for tax residency, which usually depend on factors like how long you stay there, the purpose of your stay, and the local tax laws.
If you're classified as a tax resident, you may have to pay taxes on your income from anywhere in the world. If you're a non-resident, you'll usually only pay taxes on the income you earn in your home country.
Many countries have agreements in place to avoid taxing individuals on the same income in multiple countries. These treaties, called double taxation treaties, provide relief measures like tax credits or exemptions. As an international student working abroad, it's important to know the tax treaty provisions between your home country and the country where you work. This will help you understand your tax responsibilities and make use of any available benefits.
Students working in a foreign country need to understand the local tax laws and reporting rules. You might have to get a taxpayer identification number or file regular tax returns, even if you have a low income or are exempt from paying taxes. It's crucial to learn about the regulations and deadlines set by the local tax authorities so that you comply with the rules and avoid penalties.
Financial considerations
When committing to a second job as an international student, it's also important to consider the financial aspects involved.
Calculate living expenses, tuition fees, healthcare costs, and any other financial obligations you may have. Determine how much additional income you require from your side job to meet these needs and achieve your goals.
Before diving into a side hustle, thoroughly assess the costs involved. Consider any initial investment required, such as purchasing equipment, supplies, or marketing materials. Additionally, factor in ongoing expenses such as transportation, promotional expenses, or subscription fees.
Create a comprehensive budget that incorporates your regular expenses and the income and expenses associated with your side hustle. Track your expenses diligently to ensure you are staying within your budgetary limits and making informed financial decisions.
When considering affordability, it's important to take into account factors such as tuition fees, living costs, and potential scholarships or financial aid opportunities.
These countries are generally considered affordable for international students:
- Public universities in Germany offer low tuition-free education, including undergraduate and graduate programs. Living costs in Germany are relatively affordable compared to many other European countries.
- Public universities in France charge relatively low tuition fees, especially for EU/EEA students. Living costs in France can vary depending on the city, but overall, it is possible to find affordable options.
- Poland offers affordable tuition fees and low living costs for international students. Many universities offer programs taught in English, and there are scholarship opportunities available.
- Hungary is known for its affordable tuition fees and living costs, making it an attractive option for international students.
- Malaysia offers affordable tuition fees and living costs compared to many other countries. It has a diverse range of universities and a growing number of programs taught in English.
- India is known for its affordable tuition fees, particularly in comparison to Western countries. Living costs can vary depending on the city, but overall, it can be an affordable option for international students.
- China offers a range of affordable universities and programs for international students. Tuition fees and living costs can vary depending on the institution and location — but are generally quite affordable, especially for Western students.
Work-life balance
Finally, it's also important to maintain a healthy work-life balance — especially as a student in a foreign country.
Understand whether taking on a part-time job may cause you excessive stress, fatigue, or burnout. Think about how it may affect your physical and mental health, relationships, and overall quality of life.
Set clear boundaries between your side hustle and personal life. Define specific working hours or days dedicated to work. Avoid overcommitting yourself and learn to say no to additional responsibilities if it compromises your well-being.
If you find yourself struggling to maintain a healthy work-life balance, do not hesitate to seek support. Reach out to friends, family, or mentors who can provide guidance, advice, or a listening ear. If necessary, consider utilizing counseling or mental health services provided by your educational institution or seeking professional help.
Best countries for having a side hustle as an international student
While most counties do allow international students to have some form of employment during their academic years, some popular study destinations make it easier than others:
- In the United Kingdom, students who hold a Tier 4 visa can work if their course lasts longer than 6 months. The number of work hours allowed ranges from 10 to 20 hours per week, depending on the course. During breaks, students can work for up to 40 hours per week.
- In Australia, student visas allow up to 20 hours of work per week during academic sessions and unrestricted hours during breaks.
- In France, students can work both on-campus and off-campus if they have a residency card and access to the social security system. The maximum annual work hours are 964.
- In Germany, students can work full-time for up to 120 days per year or part-time for up to 240 days. If you want to work more hours, there is an option to apply for a special permission.
- In Spain, students require an additional work permit to work up to 20 hours per week which must be related to their study program. The permit cannot exceed the duration of the student visa. During vacations, students can work full-time for up to 3 months.
- In Canada, international students can work on-campus and off-campus with the required work permit. Off-campus work is limited to 20 hours per week, while on-campus jobs have no specific restrictions.
- In the United States, students with an F-1 visa can work on-campus for up to 20 hours per week during regular academic days and up to 40 hours per week on non-academic days.
Remember to check the specific regulations and consult your institution's resources for detailed information and any changes to these guidelines.
