Living in Mayotte: the ultimate expat guide

As a French overseas department, Mayotte follows French immigration laws but with critical territorial restrictions that differ significantly from mainland France. Understanding these limitations is essential before planning any relocation, as residence permits issued in Mayotte have unique mobility constraints not found elsewhere in France.

EU and EEA citizens

Citizens of the European Union and European Economic Area enjoy free movement and require no visa to settle in Mayotte. A valid passport or national ID card suffices for entry. Registration with local authorities and social security offices provides access to public services.

Short-stay visits

Many countries benefit from visa-free entry for stays under 90 days, including the United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, and numerous Asian and Latin American nations. This exemption facilitates tourism and short-term business travel without complex administrative procedures.

Long-term residence

Stays exceeding 90 days require a long-stay visa. Several categories exist based on purpose. The Passeport Talent targets highly skilled professionals and streamlines entry for in-demand expertise. Work visas require a job offer and work authorization from local authorities. Family reunification becomes possible after 18 months of legal residence in Mayotte, allowing immediate family members to join.

Critical limitation: Mayotte-only residence permits

Essential information: Residence permits issued in Mayotte are valid only within Mayotte's territory, not throughout France. This unique restriction among French departments means special authorization is required to travel to mainland France or other French territories, except for specific legal exceptions. Maximum authorization duration typically reaches 3 months, with extensions possible only under exceptional circumstances.

Application procedures

Long-stay visa applications must be submitted to the French consulate or embassy in your country of residence. The process mirrors mainland procedures with local adaptations. Family reunification applications go through the OFII (Office Français de l'Immigration et de l'Intégration), which supports families during the settlement process. Processing times often exceed mainland France due to high administrative workload on the territory.

Mayotte's labor market presents unique characteristics with a 29% unemployment rate as of 2024, significantly higher than most developed economies. Despite this, certain sectors struggle to recruit qualified professionals, creating opportunities for experienced workers. Understanding the local economic structure helps identify growth sectors and optimize employment prospects.

Employment landscape overview

INSEE data reveals that only 32% of the 15-64 age group holds employment, approximately 55,000 people. This reflects a very young population, a developing economy, and a particular phenomenon: the "employment halo" affecting 23% of the population—individuals wanting work but not actively seeking or immediately available. Minimum wage stands at EUR 8.80 per hour, roughly EUR 650 monthly for a 35-hour workweek. Average post-tax salaries reach approximately EUR 2,250, reflecting lower living standards than mainland France with significant sectoral variations.

Growing sectors

Non-market tertiary services dominate the economy with 55% of employment. Public administration, education, healthcare, and social services constitute major employers. Demand for qualified professionals in these areas remains strong, particularly for teachers, healthcare workers, and social workers. Construction represents 9% of employment, higher than mainland France, reflecting massive infrastructure and housing needs. Business services experienced dynamic growth with +18% new business creation in 2023. Commerce and automotive repair also progressed with +3% new businesses the same year.

Struggling sectors

Manufacturing faces difficulties with a 28% drop in new business creation in 2023. Construction, despite its needs, paradoxically saw business creation decline by 15% during the same period, likely due to regulatory constraints and market complexity.

The following table synthesizes key employment market data, providing a comprehensive view of the local economic situation.

Sources: INSEE Flash Mayotte, Living Cost, Journal de Mayotte

Starting a business in Mayotte

Entrepreneurship remains dynamic despite overall decline. In 2024, 1,520 businesses launched, with 40% as micro-enterprises. Formalities follow mainland procedures with the same streamlined processes. The formal sector counted 5,750 legal entities in 2022, generating EUR 910 million in added value from EUR 3.1 billion total turnover. These figures demonstrate a developing economy where opportunities exist for project leaders ready to adapt to local specificities. Business services and commerce represent the most dynamic sectors for new ventures.

Since 2014, Mayotte applies the full French tax system but benefits from specific advantages tied to its overseas territory status. Taxpayers enjoy significant income deductions, and exceptional measures were implemented following Cyclone Chido in December 2024. This combination of mainland taxation and local provisions creates an advantageous fiscal framework.

Income tax: French progressive rates

Income tax follows the French progressive scale with multiple brackets, revalued by +1.8% in 2025. Mayotte distinguishes itself through a 40% specific deduction capped at EUR 4,050, reducing the taxable base and significantly lightening the fiscal burden. Withholding at source applies normally, simplifying tax collection. For highest earners, a minimum rate of 20% applies to income exceeding EUR 250,000 for singles or EUR 500,000 for couples, preventing excessive tax optimization.

Local taxes: Exceptional 2024-2025 exemptions

Following damage caused by Cyclone Chido in December 2024, authorities decided on complete exemption for 2024 and 2025 of several local taxes. Property tax on built and unbuilt properties, residence tax on secondary homes, and TEOM (waste collection tax) will not be due. Taxpayers who already paid receive automatic refunds. This measure represents significant financial support during reconstruction.

VAT and consumption taxes

The French VAT system applies with standard rates. A reduced rate remains in effect for energy-efficiency renovation work, encouraging energy upgrades in a territory where high temperatures drive significant air conditioning consumption.

Business tax advantages

Companies established in Zone Franche d'Activité Nouvelle Génération (ZFANG) benefit from substantial deductions on taxable profits. Deduction rates vary between 50% (standard rate) and 80% (enhanced rate) depending on company size and sector. Caps range from EUR 150,000 to EUR 300,000 based on applicable rate. This mechanism aims to stimulate SME establishment on the territory and develop the local business fabric.

Social security contributions

Social security contributions appear on payslips identically to mainland France. Employers and employees contribute to French social protection financing, providing access to family benefits, health insurance, and retirement under general regime rules.

Mayotte's healthcare system faces considerable challenges with rapid population growth and limited infrastructure. Healthcare access centers primarily around Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte, the territory's only public health facility, while private provision remains restricted. Significant measures were announced in late 2023 and throughout 2025 to strengthen healthcare provision and attract medical professionals.

Public healthcare system

Centre Hospitalier de Mayotte (CHM), located in Mamoudzou, serves as the healthcare system's cornerstone with 416 beds across medicine, surgery, and obstetrics. This sole facility for the entire territory handles both emergency and scheduled hospitalizations. The CHM maternity ward records approximately 10,000 births annually, making Mayotte the French department with the highest birth rate. This demographic pressure severely strains capacity and explains the hospital's recurring difficulties.

Medical desert and improvement measures

Mayotte suffers from chronic healthcare professional shortages, officially termed a "medical desert." In July 2025, several decrees were adopted to attract and retain healthcare professionals on the territory. These measures include installation bonuses, specific allowances, and travel facilities to mainland France. Construction of a second IFSI (nursing training institute) was announced to train more personnel locally and reduce dependence on external recruitment.

Health insurance and social coverage

Residents benefit from French health insurance with the same reimbursement rates as mainland. The Caisse Générale de Sécurité Sociale de Mayotte manages illness, maternity, and workplace accident benefits. To supplement basic reimbursements, subscribing to supplementary health insurance remains advisable, especially for dental care, vision, and potential medical evacuations to Réunion or mainland France for specialized care unavailable locally.

Private care and community medicine

Private healthcare provision remains limited. A few medical and dental practices operate in Mamoudzou and main towns, but numbers remain insufficient for demand. Wait times for specialist appointments can be lengthy, prompting some residents to turn to Réunion for specialized consultations. Pharmacies operate in major towns and ensure prescription medication distribution.

Practical health advice

Before departing for Mayotte, completing a comprehensive health check and building a reserve of routine medications is advisable, even though local pharmacies maintain regular supplies. The tropical climate requires particular vigilance: enhanced sun protection, constant hydration, and mosquito prevention. No specific vaccines are mandatory for residing in Mayotte as a French territory, but standard vaccinations should be current. For health issues requiring medical evacuation, travel insurance or supplementary coverage typically covers transportation costs to Réunion or mainland France.

Mayotte's education system applies French national curriculum and follows the Indian Ocean zone academic calendar, shared with Réunion. Public schools from kindergarten through high school provide free education in French, but must manage a rapidly growing student population where many students speak Shimaore or Kibushi as their first language.

Public system: Kindergarten through high school

Children can enroll from age 3 in kindergarten, though this stage isn't mandatory. Compulsory education runs from age 6 to 16. Primary education lasts 5 years, followed by middle school (4 years) and high school (3 years) for those pursuing the baccalaureate. Free public schools operate across the territory, with higher concentration in Mamoudzou and main towns.

The academic calendar follows the Indian Ocean zone, with holidays differing slightly from mainland. Summer break typically runs December to January, corresponding to the southern hemisphere summer and rainy season.

Local education system challenges

Schools face several structural difficulties. Rapid population growth creates chronic space shortages and classroom overcrowding. Multilingualism presents major pedagogical challenges: many students arrive speaking only Shimaore or Kibushi, requiring parallel French language learning alongside other subjects. This sometimes slows fundamental knowledge acquisition. Teacher recruitment remains problematic, with high turnover and difficult-to-fill positions despite recruitment incentives from national education authorities.

International and bilingual schools

Unlike other overseas territories or popular expat destinations, Mayotte has no international schools offering IB, American, or British curricula. Educational provision remains exclusively French, with some private contract schools also following national programs. Families wanting international curriculum must consider either distance learning through CNED or relocating to Réunion or mainland France for children's education.

Higher education: Limited options

Mayotte lacks a complete university. An IUT attached to Université de La Réunion offers some short professional training programs, primarily in technical and tertiary fields. One IFSI (nursing training institute) trains nurses, with a second facility planned to meet healthcare staffing needs. Most young people pursuing higher education turn to Réunion or mainland France, where they can access the full range of university programs. This student migration represents significant costs for families, though assistance exists to facilitate young Mahorans' mobility.

Mayotte's real estate market features significant tension between growing demand and insufficient supply. Rental rates reach high levels, particularly for quality housing meeting international standards. Construction progresses but struggles to match population growth, creating chronic shortage conditions.

Available housing types

Housing in Mayotte divides into several categories. Modern housing with complete amenities (running water, electricity, air conditioning) is found primarily in Mamoudzou, Dzaoudzi, and gated residential communities. These properties primarily attract civil servants and professionals from abroad. Traditional houses built with corrugated iron and wood, more common in villages, offer less comfort but fit local budgets better. Finally, bangas, precarious dwellings, persist in certain neighborhoods, evidencing difficulties accessing decent housing for part of the population.

Desirable residential areas

In Mamoudzou, the department's main city, Kawéni neighborhoods concentrate modern residences and shops. Dzaoudzi and Labattoir on Petite-Terre, near the airport, also attract newcomers for relative tranquility and proximity to administrative services. Towns of Koungou, Dembéni, and Pamandzi offer alternatives less dense than the capital, with sea access and calmer environment. Residence choice often depends on employment location and school access.

Rental costs and purchase prices

Rental rates vary considerably by property quality and location. A modern 1-bedroom apartment in a desirable Mamoudzou neighborhood rents between EUR 800 and EUR 1,200 monthly, utilities included. A house with garden in a gated community can reach EUR 1,500 to EUR 2,000 monthly. These prices, high relative to local salaries, reflect supply scarcity and significant construction costs. Property purchase remains complex due to specific land rights, with plots often under Islamic law and lengthy administrative procedures. Per-square-meter purchase prices generally range between EUR 2,500 and EUR 4,000 depending on location and standard.

Procedures and practical advice

Housing searches require patience and on-site presence. Real estate agencies exist but remain few. Word-of-mouth and online listings constitute main channels. Landlords generally require solid guarantees: stable employment contract, several months' security deposit, and sometimes a guarantor. Civil servants and public sector employees sometimes benefit from official housing or specific housing assistance. Visiting multiple properties before committing and verifying equipment condition, particularly plumbing and electrical installations, is recommended. Water outages, frequent during shortage periods, make having a cistern or water storage system essential. The LLTSA (subsidized social housing) program was extended until June 30, 2025 to support affordable housing construction, though demand far exceeds supply.

Relocating to Mayotte requires thorough organization given geographical distance and logistical specificities. From customs formalities to choosing transport methods for personal belongings and adapting to local realities, each step deserves careful attention to ensure smooth settlement.

Relocation checklist

1. Sort and inventory belongings (3-4 months before): Evaluate what's worth transporting, considering tropical climate makes winter clothing unnecessary and high maritime/air freight costs.
2. Choose freight forwarder (3 months before): Compare quotes from multiple companies specializing in overseas moves, verifying Mayotte experience and insurance coverage.
3. Sea or air freight option: Sea freight takes 4-6 weeks but remains more economical for large volumes. Air freight, faster (few days), suits urgent items but costs significantly more.
4. Customs formalities (2 months before): Prepare detailed inventory, residence documentation, and duty exemption documents if applicable (professional transfer).
5. Contract cancellations (2 months before): Cancel lease, utilities, internet, insurance, and services according to required notice periods.
6. Bank account transfer (1-2 months before): Inform your bank of address change, check applicable banking fees, and consider opening account with bank present in Mayotte.
7. Health and medical records (1 month before): Complete comprehensive health check, retrieve medical files, and build basic pharmacy supply for initial months.
8. Children's schooling (1-2 months before): Contact schools for enrollment, request transfer certificates, and prepare administrative files.
9. Temporary housing (1 month before): Reserve accommodation for first weeks while finding permanent housing, as on-site searching is often essential.
10. Personal luggage: Pack light clothing, specific hygiene products (sun protection, mosquito repellent), and all important administrative documents in paper and digital format.
11. Vehicle (if applicable): Decide on importing personal vehicle (expensive and complex) or purchasing locally, considering local registration timelines.
12. Appliances and furniture: Evaluate whether local purchase makes more sense than transport, as local prices are higher but freight costs also substantial.

Quick adaptation tips

Allow several weeks for acclimatization to constant heat and humidity. Quickly connecting with expat communities and local associations facilitates integration and provides practical advice. Maintaining flexibility and patience with administrative delays, often longer than in developed countries, is key to successful settlement. Finally, taking time to discover local culture, learning basic Shimaore phrases, and respecting traditions greatly facilitates acceptance and integration into Mahoran society.

Mayotte offers activities centered on its exceptional natural environment. The lagoon, a genuine classified nature reserve treasure, serves as the main playground for water activities and marine biodiversity discovery. Cultural life, steeped in Muslim and African traditions, manifests through celebrations, dances, and distinctive gastronomy.

Diving and lagoon exploration

Mayotte's lagoon, one of the world's largest enclosed lagoons, attracts scuba diving and snorkeling enthusiasts. Longoni Pass and Passe en S offer renowned dive sites for observing manta rays, sharks, sea turtles, and multitudes of tropical fish. Between July and November, humpback whales come to reproduce in the lagoon's warm waters, offering a unique spectacle accessible through professional boat excursions. Dolphins are present year-round and can be observed during outings from Mamoudzou or Dzaoudzi. Sakouli Beach, N'Gouja Beach, and Moya Beach rank among the most beautiful and accessible for swimming and relaxation.

Hiking and terrestrial nature

Beyond the lagoon, Mayotte reveals volcanic landscapes covered in tropical vegetation. Mont Choungui, an emblematic mountain reaching 1,949 feet (594 meters), offers a challenging hike rewarded with panoramic views of the island and lagoon. Soulou Waterfalls and Lake Dziani, a crater lake with emerald green waters, constitute must-see natural sites. Marked trails allow primary forest exploration and observation of endemic fauna, including makis, Mayotte's emblematic small primates. Parc Naturel Marin de Mayotte, created in 2010, protects the entire lagoon and adjacent terrestrial zones, offering awareness programs and guided tours.

Sports and outdoor activities

Water sports dominate leisure offerings: sea kayaking, paddleboarding, kitesurfing, and sailing are practiced in the lagoon or from beaches. Several clubs and schools offer instruction and equipment rental. On land, football captivates the local population, with fields in every town. Trail running develops with events organized throughout the year. Sport fishing, deep-sea or lagoon, also attracts enthusiasts, with outings led by professional fishermen.

Cultural life and festivities

Mahoran culture follows rhythms of Muslim traditions and African and Malagasy influences. Traditional dances like debaa and shigoma are performed during ceremonies and weddings, often accompanied by percussion and Shimaore songs. Local cuisine mixes African, Malagasy, and Indian flavors: pilao (spiced rice), mabawa (grilled chicken wings), combava (local citrus), and cassava form the basis of many dishes. Local markets, notably Mamoudzou's, offer immersion in daily life and allow discovering tropical fruits, spices, and artisan products. Ramadan strongly influences social life, with schedule changes and evening festivities.

Tourism and leisure infrastructure

The tourism sector, still modest, is gradually rebuilding after Cyclone Chido in December 2024. A few hotels and guesthouses welcome visitors, primarily in Mamoudzou and Petite-Terre. Leisure infrastructure remains limited: few cinemas, theaters, or modern shopping centers. Social life centers on beaches, sea outings, meals with friends, and nature discovery. This simplicity corresponds to a lifestyle focused on essentials and human relationships, far from major metropolitan bustle.

Living in Mayotte costs considerably more than most developed regions. Geographic distance, import dependence, and local economic context explain this expense. Cost of living data remains partial absent complete Numbeo statistics, but available sources enable realistic budget estimates.

Economic context and purchasing power

Approximately 65% of food products are imported, mechanically increasing prices due to maritime and air transport costs. INSEE reports consumer price increases in August 2025, with particularly marked inflation on fresh products and basic goods. Average salaries around EUR 2,250 post-tax struggle to compensate this surcharge, creating household purchasing power tension. Civil servants and professionals from abroad generally benefit from specific allowances (overseas premium) partially offsetting this gap.

The table below presents monthly expense estimates for a single person living in Mayotte, distinguishing main consumption categories.

Sources: Living Cost, Expat.com forums, estimates based on 2024-2025 testimonials

For a family of four, expenses increase significantly with larger housing, schooling, higher food needs, and transportation. The following table details this monthly family budget.

Sources: Living Cost, Expat.com forums, estimates based on 2024-2025 testimonials

Specific expense categories

Food represents a major category with prices 30-50% higher than developed markets for imported products. Local fruits and vegetables sold at markets remain more affordable. Transportation generally requires a personal vehicle, as public transport is virtually nonexistent. Fuel follows global prices with slight markup for transport. Water and electricity cost dearly, particularly due to essential air conditioning and water outages sometimes requiring bottled water purchases. Internet remains expensive for limited speeds, with basic ADSL packages around EUR 55 monthly for modest speeds.

Budget management tips

Favoring local markets for fruits, vegetables, and fish enables substantial savings while discovering local products. Limiting imported product purchases and adapting diet to local resources reduces bills. Sharing vehicles or organizing carpools with colleagues decreases transport costs. Monitoring electricity consumption, particularly air conditioning, avoids excessive bills. Finally, researching available social benefits (family allowances, housing assistance) can provide welcome supplements, though amounts remain below actual needs in a high-cost context.