Living in Congo: the ultimate expat guide

Securing the right visa is your first step toward moving to the Republic of Congo. No visas are issued on arrival, so you'll need to arrange everything through a Congolese embassy or consulate before departure. While an e-Visa system was announced in 2019, it remains non-operational in 2025 except for online applications through the embassy in France. Plan ahead and allow sufficient time for processing.

Available Visa Types

The tourist visa is the most straightforward option for initial entry. Valid for 30 days with single entry, it requires a passport valid for at least 6 months, two passport-sized photos with white background, a notarized invitation letter from Congo, yellow fever vaccination certificate, return flight ticket, and hotel reservation. Processing typically takes 7 to 10 business days.

The business visa targets professionals conducting commercial activities or working in the country. Duration varies by nationality: 30 days for most applicants, but US citizens can obtain 180-day multiple-entry visas. Requirements mirror the tourist visa with the addition of an invitation letter from a Congolese company.

The diplomatic or official visa is reserved for holders of diplomatic or official passports, as well as UN laissez-passer holders. Valid for 12 months with multiple entries, it's exempt from consular fees.

Visa Exemptions

Five countries benefit from visa exemption for holders of biometric passports, allowing stays of up to 90 days. Diplomatic passport holders from Brazil, China, Russia, Portugal, and Turkey are also exempt from visa requirements.

Application Process

Start by gathering all required documents, ensuring your passport has at least 6 months validity beyond your planned arrival date. You'll need two recent passport-sized photos on white background and, crucially, a notarized invitation letter from an individual or entity in Congo.

Submit your complete application to the Republic of Congo embassy. Note that not all consular posts issue visas—in the United States, for example, only the Washington DC embassy handles visa applications, not the New York or Chicago consulates.

After submission, allow 7 to 10 business days for processing. Once your visa is issued, you're cleared to travel. Remember, no visas are available at entry points, so arrive with everything in order.

Changing Your Status In-Country

If you're planning to extend your stay, pursue studies, or establish permanent residence, all status changes must be processed within Congo through the Bureau de l'Immigration. Start these procedures well before your initial visa expires to avoid any legal complications.

Congo's employment market presents both challenges and opportunities, particularly for skilled professionals in specific sectors. The unemployment rate stands at 19.8% as of 2024, with youth unemployment reaching 42%. The total workforce numbers approximately 2.54 million with an employment rate of 54.32%. Salary ranges vary dramatically: unskilled workers earn between USD 100-500 monthly, while qualified professionals in key sectors command several thousand dollars depending on experience and industry.

Key Sectors for International Professionals

The oil and gas sector dominates Congo's economy, accounting for roughly 50% of GDP and 80% of exports. This industry offers the country's highest salaries, significantly above the national average. International oil companies regularly recruit technical experts and experienced managers, making this the primary draw for many expatriates.

Financial services are experiencing notable growth, particularly banking and telecommunications. In Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire, financial institutions are expanding to support economic development, creating opportunities for finance and digital professionals.

The construction and infrastructure sector is booming due to government urbanization programs. Civil engineers, architects, and project managers find substantial opportunities as the country modernizes its infrastructure.

Forestry and agriculture represent considerable development potential. The government encourages economic diversification, opening prospects for experts in agronomy and sustainable resource management.

Salary Expectations

The table below outlines observed salary ranges in the Congolese market, which vary considerably based on qualification level and sector.

Sources: TimeCamp (2024), Paylab (2025), Trading Economics (2024)

Starting Your Own Business

The Republic of Congo is a member of OHADA (Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa) and CEMAC, providing a harmonized legal framework for businesses. The government actively works to create a favorable environment for foreign investors, notably through compliance with the EITI (Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative), which ensures transparency in extractive industries.

While detailed procedures, exact costs, and timelines for company formation vary depending on the chosen structure, the regulatory framework remains accessible. Engaging a local attorney specializing in business law is highly recommended to navigate the requirements and ensure compliance with all legal and fiscal obligations.

Congo's tax system comprises personal income tax, VAT, corporate tax, and various withholding taxes. The country has signed tax treaties with several nations to prevent double taxation. Understanding these mechanisms helps you anticipate obligations and legally optimize your tax position.

Personal Income Tax

Congo applies a progressive tax system with a maximum rate of 40%. Tax residence determines your obligations: residents pay tax on worldwide income, while non-residents are taxed only on Congolese-sourced income.

For non-residents, specific rules apply. They're considered married without dependents if they hold French nationality, and single without dependents otherwise. Foreign employees temporarily seconded to work in Congo face a flat rate of 20% on salaries.

Congo has concluded tax treaties with several countries to avoid double taxation: France, Italy, Mauritius, China, and CEMAC member states (Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Equatorial Guinea, Mali, Niger, Central African Republic, Senegal, Chad, Togo). If you're a national of any of these countries, investigate specific provisions that may apply to your situation.

Value Added Tax (VAT)

The standard VAT rate is 18.9%, comprising 18% VAT plus a 5% surcharge on the VAT itself. This rate applies to most goods and services.

A reduced rate of 5% applies specifically to petroleum products and lubricants imported from border countries by forestry companies, as well as developers operating in special economic zones since the Finance Act 2024 took effect.

Exports benefit from a zero rate, while certain essential products are fully VAT-exempt: vegetable oil and corn produced and packaged in Congo, butane gas, and local mineral water.

Since January 2024, cross-border digital services provided by non-resident businesses are subject to 18% VAT, whether B2B or B2C transactions. This measure aims to level the playing field with local providers.

Corporate Income Tax

The standard rate for corporate profits is 28%. However, a special rate of 33% applies on a deemed profit of 22% of turnover for two categories: foreign service companies and local companies generating over 70% of turnover with the oil or gas sector. This effective rate equals 7.26%.

A minimum tax exists: every company must pay at least 1% of annual turnover, with a floor of XAF 1 million (or XAF 500,000 if turnover is below XAF 10 million).

Small businesses with turnover not exceeding XAF 100 million can opt for a simplified flat-rate regime: 5% of turnover or 8% of commercial margin.

Withholding Taxes

Several types of withholding taxes apply depending on income type. The general rate is 20%, with average rates of 10% and 5.75% in certain situations, plus a fixed rate of 5%.

Dividends incur a 15% withholding, except where different provisions exist in tax treaties with China, France, Italy, Mauritius, or CEMAC countries.

Services rendered by residents of CEMAC countries face 10% withholding since the Finance Law 2023. Directors' fees are taxed at 17%, and payments to local independent subcontractors at 10%.

Recent Tax Changes

The Finance Act 2024, adopted in late December 2023, introduced several major changes. The 18% VAT on cross-border digital services took effect January 1, 2024, covering both B2B and B2C transactions. This measure targets all digital services provided by non-resident businesses.

Additionally, the reduced VAT rate of 5% was extended to developers operating in special economic zones, encouraging investment in these priority development territories.

Congo's healthcare system faces significant infrastructure challenges, particularly outside major cities. International health insurance is essential for expats to access quality care at private facilities or arrange medical evacuation to neighboring countries with better hospital infrastructure if needed.

Public Healthcare System

The public system suffers from chronic resource shortages and limited modern infrastructure. Public hospitals face regular shortages of medicines and medical equipment. Medical staff, while often dedicated, work in difficult conditions with limited resources.

In Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire, some public facilities offer more comprehensive services, but quality remains variable. Wait times can be lengthy and hygiene standards may not meet international norms. For routine care or minor emergencies, these facilities can suffice, but for serious health issues, the private sector or medical evacuation is preferable.

International Health Insurance

Several international insurers offer coverage tailored to expats in Congo. These policies typically provide access to local private clinics plus coverage for emergency medical evacuations to countries like South Africa, Kenya, or Europe where medical infrastructure meets international standards.

Premiums vary considerably based on coverage extent, age, and health status. Comprehensive insurance including medical evacuations typically costs between USD 2,000-5,000 annually per adult. While this seems expensive, it's indispensable given local healthcare limitations.

Verify your contract covers private clinic care, emergency medical evacuations, dental and optical care, and repatriation for serious problems. Some insurers also offer 24/7 medical telephone assistance, valuable for remote advice.

Vaccinations and Health Precautions

The yellow fever vaccination certificate is mandatory for entry into Congo. Beyond this legal requirement, several other vaccinations are strongly recommended: Hepatitis A and B, typhoid, rabies, meningitis, and tetanus.

Malaria is endemic throughout the country. Antimalarial prophylaxis is essential, to be continued throughout your stay and several weeks after return. Also use mosquito repellent, sleep under impregnated mosquito nets, and wear long clothing in the evening.

Tap water is not potable. Consume only bottled water with sealed caps, including for tooth brushing. Be cautious with raw foods and prefer fruits you can peel yourself.

Education in Congo presents a dual system: the accessible but challenging local public system, and private international schools offering internationally-recognized curricula. For families, school choice is a major decision that often influences neighborhood selection and monthly budget.

Local Education System

The Congolese public system is structured in several cycles: primary education (Prathom), followed by middle and high school. While instruction is in French, which facilitates integration for French-speaking children, the system faces significant structural difficulties.

The literacy rate reaches 80.3% but masks stark disparities between urban and rural areas. Public schools often lack resources: shortages of textbooks, overcrowded classes sometimes exceeding 50 students, aging infrastructure, and sometimes inadequately trained or compensated teachers. In rural areas, the situation is more critical with limited access to quality education.

The Global Partnership for Education intervenes in Congo to improve the educational system, but progress remains slow. Teaching quality varies enormously from one school to another, particularly outside Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire.

International Schools

In Brazzaville, several international institutions offer quality education following European or American curricula. These schools primarily serve expat children and affluent Congolese families.

École Française Saint-Exupéry follows the curriculum of French national education and prepares students for diplomas from primary through the baccalaureate. It's the preferred option for the French-speaking expat community.

American International School of Brazzaville provides English-language instruction following the American curriculum from kindergarten through high school. It attracts English-speaking families and those preparing children for higher education in Anglo-Saxon systems.

Tuition at these international institutions is substantial, typically ranging between USD 8,000-15,000 annually depending on grade level and school. These amounts don't always include registration fees, supplies, field trips, or extracurricular activities. Many expat employers cover all or part of these costs as part of relocation packages.

School Enrollment Strategy

Plan your school search well in advance, ideally several months before arrival. International schools have limited spaces and may have waiting lists, particularly at the start of the academic year. Contact schools directly to check availability, admission criteria, and arrange possible visits.

Verify the chosen school is accredited and internationally recognized, facilitating transitions if you change countries or your children pursue higher education abroad. Some schools offer the International Baccalaureate (IB) program, particularly valued for its worldwide recognition.

Finding quality housing in Congo requires patience and vigilance, particularly in Brazzaville where the supply of expat-standard accommodation is limited. The real estate market operates differently from Western standards, with often informal contracts and opaque procedures. Visit multiple properties and engage a trusted local contact to assist with the process.

Available Housing Types

In Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire, you'll find three main housing categories. Detached houses with gardens in secure residential neighborhoods are the preferred option for expats. These properties offer more space and privacy, typically with perimeter walls and sometimes a guard.

Apartments in compounds are developing in central urban areas. Easier to maintain than houses, they generally offer collective services like security or a swimming pool. However, supply remains limited compared to Western capitals.

High-end furnished villas are offered by agencies specializing in expat accommodation. These turnkey properties include furniture, appliances, and sometimes cleaning services, but command particularly high rents.

Recommended Neighborhoods in Brazzaville

The Plaine district is historically popular with expats and upper-middle-class Congolese. Relatively quiet with decent infrastructure, it offers good balance between security and accessibility to shops and services.

Mpila also attracts many expats with its residential houses and proximity to international schools. The neighborhood has some restaurants and shops, though fewer than downtown.

Downtown Brazzaville concentrates commercial and administrative activities. Lively but noisy, it suits singles or couples without children seeking urban energy. Housing consists mainly of apartments.

Rental Ranges

The table below presents monthly rental ranges observed in Brazzaville for different housing types suitable for expats.

Sources: Numbeo (December 2024), local market estimates

Key Points Before Signing

Always visit the property in person before committing, ideally at different times of day to assess ambient noise and neighborhood activity. Thoroughly check all installations: electricity, plumbing, air conditioning, ensuring everything functions properly.

Since power cuts are frequent, ask if the property has a backup generator. For water, verify supply regularity and possible storage cistern presence.

Negotiate lease terms precisely: duration, rent amount, included or excluded charges (water, electricity, security), early termination conditions, and deposit amount (typically equivalent to 2-3 months' rent). Get assistance from someone familiar with the local market to avoid surprises.

Most landlords require payment of several months' rent in advance, sometimes 6 months or even a full year. Prepare financially for this reality that differs from standard Western practices.

An international move to Congo requires rigorous organization and several months of planning. From administrative procedures to shipping your belongings and adapting to local realities, each step deserves attention. Here's a detailed checklist to guide your relocation and avoid common pitfalls.

Complete Pre-Departure Checklist

1. Visa and Travel Documents: Start your visa application at least one month before planned departure. Gather all required documents, notably the notarized invitation letter which can take time to obtain. Verify your passport is valid at least 6 months beyond your arrival date.
2. Mandatory and Recommended Vaccinations: Schedule appointments at an international vaccination center for yellow fever (mandatory) and other recommended vaccines. Some vaccines require multiple spaced doses, making early planning crucial.
3. International Health Insurance: Compare quotes from international insurers and subscribe to comprehensive coverage including medical evacuations. This insurance must be active from your arrival on Congolese territory.
4. Housing Search: Ideally, make a reconnaissance trip to visit properties. If impossible, ask a local contact to visit on your behalf and send detailed photos and videos. Avoid sending money without seeing the property or having a trusted person on-site.
5. Children's Schooling: Contact international schools several months ahead to reserve places. Prepare children's school records (report cards, attendance certificates) required for enrollment.
6. Moving Arrangements: Get multiple quotes from international moving companies specializing in Africa. Sea transport typically takes 6-10 weeks, sometimes more depending on origin port. Pack sufficient luggage for initial weeks while awaiting your container.
7. Customs Formalities: Research import restrictions and prepare a detailed inventory of your goods. Some items may be taxed or prohibited. A local customs broker can assist with arrival procedures.
8. Banking Services: Notify your bank of expatriation and verify conditions for using cards abroad. Research opening a local bank account, often necessary for receiving Congolese salary.
9. Antimalarial Treatment: Consult your doctor for antimalarial prophylaxis prescription. Bring sufficient medication for initial months as some treatments are difficult to find locally.
10. Electrical Equipment: Bring electrical adapters (European Type E plugs) and importantly, invest in a UPS or voltage stabilizer to protect sensitive electronics from frequent power cuts.
11. Personal Pharmacy: Build a comprehensive medical kit with usual treatments in sufficient quantity, basic medications (painkillers, anti-diarrheals, antiseptics), first aid supplies, and effective mosquito repellents.
12. Important Documents: Scan and save all important documents in the cloud (passports, diplomas, birth certificates, employment contract, insurance policies). Also bring paper copies in carry-on luggage.

Practical Tips for Settling In

Once there, allow yourself a few days to acclimatize before diving into professional routines. The tropical climate and time difference may require adjustment time. Stay flexible with expectations—not everything will function as in your home country, and that's part of the expat adventure.

Join expat groups and associations quickly—valuable resources for practical advice, reliable service recommendations, and social networking opportunities. Brazzaville's expat community, while modest, is generally welcoming and supportive.

Beyond professional life, Congo offers fascinating discovery opportunities for nature lovers, culture enthusiasts, and history buffs. While tourist infrastructure remains limited, the country holds exceptional natural treasures and vibrant cultural scenes, particularly in Brazzaville. Here's an overview of activities and sites that will enrich your Congolese experience.

National Parks and Exceptional Biodiversity

Odzala-Kokoua National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site, ranks among Central Africa's finest reserves. Spanning over 13,000 square kilometers of dense tropical forest, it hosts significant populations of western lowland gorillas, forest elephants, buffaloes, and bongos. Organized safaris allow observation of these animals in their natural habitat—an unforgettable experience requiring good physical condition and a suitable 4x4 vehicle.

Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, also UNESCO-recognized, offers one of Africa's last virgin tropical forests. Its intact ecosystems make it a privileged location for scientific research and wildlife observation. Access is more difficult and generally requires specialized tour operators.

These visits work best during the dry season from June to September, when tracks are more passable and animal observation easier. Plan several days on-site—distances are considerable and travel is slow. The experience is well worth the effort for wilderness enthusiasts.

Culture and Heritage in Brazzaville

The Congolese capital has several interesting cultural sites. The Basilique Sainte-Anne du Congo, a remarkable building with characteristic green roof, dominates the city center. This emblematic monument from the colonial period testifies to the country's complex history.

The Mémorial Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza honors the city's founder and offers panoramic views of the Congo River and Kinshasa visible on the opposite bank. The Case de Gaulle, though modest, marks a historic moment: General de Gaulle's 1944 speech.

The Djoué Rapids, near Brazzaville, offer impressive natural scenery for a day trip. The river forms spectacular waterfalls in lush green surroundings.

Nightlife and Music Scene

Brazzaville pulses with Congolese music, globally recognized. The city birthed numerous rumba and soukous artists who shaped African music. Several bars and clubs, particularly in the Bacongo district, host live music concerts on weekends.

Nganda, typical Congolese popular bars, offer authentic atmosphere to enjoy local beer and sample Congolese cuisine in friendly surroundings. Downtown restaurants also feature musical performances on certain evenings.

Sports and Recreation

Some clubs and hotels in Brazzaville have pools and tennis courts accessible to non-residents for an entry fee. The Congo River banks offer pleasant walking areas, particularly at sunset.

For golf enthusiasts, Golf de Brazzaville offers a course in green surroundings, though facilities are more modest than in neighboring countries.

Sport fishing on the Congo River attracts some enthusiasts, with waters hosting various species including the famous tigerfish. Excursions can be organized with experienced local guides.

Living in Congo, particularly Brazzaville, represents high costs for expats despite the country's relatively modest overall standard of living. This paradoxical situation stems from limited supply of internationally-standard goods and services, expensive imports, and tight housing market for quality properties. Data presented below comes primarily from Numbeo and reflects prices observed in Brazzaville in December 2024.

Single Person Budget

The table below details average monthly expenses a single expat can anticipate living in Brazzaville with standard international comfort level.

Sources: Numbeo (December 2024), Expatistan (May-October 2025)

This budget excludes international health insurance (approximately USD 170-420 monthly), essential for all expats, nor occasional travel outside Congo. Utilities can vary significantly based on air conditioning usage and private generator presence.

Four-Person Family Budget

For a family with two school-age children, expenses increase substantially, primarily due to international school tuition and necessary larger housing.

Sources: Numbeo (December 2024), local market estimates

Again, this budget excludes family health insurance (approximately USD 400-800 monthly depending on coverage) and occasional travel. Note that tuition fees often represent the largest expense for expat families. Fortunately, many employers include full or partial coverage of these fees in relocation packages.

Daily Price References

Here are some common prices in Brazzaville for concrete benchmarks: a meal at an inexpensive restaurant costs about USD 10, while a meal for two at a mid-range restaurant runs USD 40-50. A loaf of bread costs about USD 1, a liter of milk USD 2, and a dozen eggs USD 3.

Imported products are particularly expensive: expect USD 3-4 for imported cheese, USD 15-20 for a decent bottle of wine. Local fruits and vegetables remain affordable at markets, though availability varies by season.

A city taxi typically costs USD 5-10 for a short ride, more for peripheral neighborhoods. Many expats opt to purchase a used vehicle, with a 4x4 recommended for travel outside main routes.