Work Visa After Student Visa?

Hello,

My girlfriend is a Russian citizen (from Moscow) currently on a student visa in New York City. She is in a specialized field (she holds a Masters degree in filmmaking from a prestigious New York institution), but unfortunately her student visa expires in July.

She desperately wants to return to America in order to properly pursue her career. What options would be available to her at this point?

My (very basic) understanding is that she will need to return to Moscow regardless since her visa will expire, but what are the odds of her being able to return on a work visa? Does the fact that she holds an accredited, specialized American degree help her cause?
Secondly, will she need to be hired somewhere in order to apply for the visa or can she secure the visa and then get hired?
Lastly, how long does the process usually take?

Any direction would be wildly appreciated. Thank you