I moved here just under three years ago, for a lot of reasons, some personal, some professional, some political. Adaptation hasn't been easy though the problems I've had didn't correlate too well with the ones I though I'd have.
For one thing, I never had a panic attack of "Oh my god, what have I done!!" like I expected.
I think it might be worthwhile to talk about the experience since it's plain talking to others that mind is anything but unique.
I had originally planned to stay in the USA a few more years and work, but when I came over in September 2010 and lived in my completed house I decided to go ahead and do it, since as a software contractor I had a good chance of eating into my savings if jobs got harder to find. I have been here since 11/10 and not been back. I built my own house (you can see it on the banner here, with the gold balconies: http://namlongcantho.com/vn/) so didn't have to deal with finding accommodations, which is a big obstacle for many.
I'm focusing on the cultural adaptations, though, not the bureaucratic ones like visa renewal.
Number one: cigarettes. Among Vietnamese men over a certain age or in a certain class, smoking is nearly universal. See two or more men having coffee or noodles and you will always see the pack with the lighter. It would never occur to anyone here that some people don't like the smell. I'm allergic to the smoke and have had headaches that left me unable to work for a week or more. Men will light up right under a no smoking sign, in an air-conditioned room. It's not rudeness, it's not that America Joy To Annoy, it's simple unconsciousness.
Number two: that unconsciousness, particularly on the road. We've had a dozen very close calls with motorbikes zooming in front of us, no attention paid, no glance in the rear view mirror, charging out onto the road without a care, and, yes, we have seen corpses in the road. And it shows up in many other ways .. not putting things back where they found them, as in leaving barbells strewn all over the floor at my gym, walking though a closed door and leaving it agape.
Number three: a really really rotten attitude toward animals. Vietnamese see an animal, they kill it. Maybe to eat it, maybe for the fun of it. We have had two dogs stolen in three years, one right in front of the house by a guy who threatened to murder our housekeeper if she didn't get away from the dog. Dog restaurants are everywhere and there is no supply other than stolen pets.
I don't mean to imply from this sequence of peeves that there is nothing good about living here. There is a lot. But this thread is about the problems.
Now, specifically Cần Thơ ... we live in a middle class neighborhood in Cái Răng, and would expect something like a middle class experience in the USA. It isn't like that. Thieves walk down the middle of the street, heads rotating, looking for things to steal. Screaming children play in the street. And throughout the city the accents are so variable that it's plain most people in the city aren't from the city, they are from elsewhere, moved here for work and where in Hà Nội there is one accent, two people in CT might have been born mere kilometers apart yet sound as different as two unrelated languages. Even when you have a pretty good Vietnamese vocabulary, it can be very hard to understand people.
But this is where I live so I have to make do.