04/13/23 I think that the fairest description of Brazil's official attitude toward immigration in general, and expats in particular, is ambivalent.
The most certain ways to obtain unrestricted resident status in Brazil are (1.) to have a Brazilian spouse, child, or parent, (2.) to have a labor contract pre-approved by the Ministry of Labor with the proper visa obtained while still abroad, (3.) to be a Portuguese citizen, or (4.) to be a refugee who satisfies the requirements of international law for asylum. Being able to claim a União Estável with a Brazilian citizen can also work as (1.), at the discretion of the Polícia Federal if the foreigner doesn't have a VITEM XI.
The next easiest ways are to be a citizen of a Mercosul country, to enter the country on select Religious Worker visas, to enter on an Investor Visa, to enter on a Retirement or Digital Nomad visa, or to successfully complete the Authorization for Residency process for Retirees or Digital Nomads at the Polícia Federal. All of these currently have more stringent requirements and restrictions than the methods in the first paragraph.
Beyond those, every Brazilian immigration visa under the 2017 law is strictly limited and the holders are expected to eventually return to their countries of origin, and a tourist visa cannot be bootstrapped into permanent residence. And that's about the whole story.
Unlike Mexico, Portugal, Spain, or the Dominican Republic that actively try to attract retirees, Brazil does nothing of the kind. There's certainly no dedicated infrastructure for retirees, no encouragement of retirement communities, and no adjustment assistance or language instruction offered. Under the Lei de Estrangeiros that was replaced in 2017 by the current Lei de Migração, there was a Permanent Visa, a VIPER, for retirees that functioned almost exactly like the VIPER for Family Unification, and had all the same benefits, except that working for pay in Brazil was not allowed. In 2017 when all the other VIPERs were replaced by VITEMs that were functionally the same except for being temporary, the retiree VIPER was simply abolished for new applicants.
The VITEM XIV that replaced it a couple of years later is much stingier, with a very brief renewal period and a health insurance requirement, a first in Brazilian immigration law. We're going to learn a lot from the round of renewals that's going on now, and even more from the next one, a year or two from now. A telltale sign will be whether or not renewing retirees receive CRNMs with "validade indeterminada", as other people over 60 do. If not, that will make it pretty clear that the welcome really is temporary.